明朝与帖木儿王朝的朝贡贸易研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 13:07

本文选题：明朝 + 帖木儿王朝　；参考：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：明朝与帖木儿王朝的朝贡贸易既是明朝与西域诸国密切往来的重要组成部分,也是明代中国通过“陆上丝绸之路”与中亚地区互通有无的重要途径之一。本文以时间为线索,依托大量汉文和外文文献,并结合当前学术界对此问题的最新研究成果,力求全面、系统、客观地勾勒出明朝与帖木儿王朝朝贡贸易的历史进程和发展轨迹。1387年,帖木儿派遣回回满剌哈非思向明朝首贡,明朝给予了丰厚的赏赐,这标志着明、帖朝贡贸易关系正式建立。此后,明、帖朝贡贸易在洪武年间(1368-1398)密切发展。到1396年,帖木儿势力壮大,野心滋生,遂羁留了明朝派出的傅安使团。从此,帖木儿对明朝的态度逐渐变得强硬起来,最后发展到兵戎相向的对抗态势。1404年,帖木儿率兵东征,明朝方面也不甘示弱,积极整军备战,加强边备力量,导致明、帖关系陷入白炽化状态。明成祖即位后,随着傅安等人的归国以及双边的努力,明、帖朝贡贸易得以恢复,并在永乐年间(1403-1424)走向繁荣,经洪熙(1425)、宣德(1426-1435)和正统(1436-1449)时期的平稳发展,有效地促进了双边之间的友好交往。1447年,沙哈鲁去世,其子嗣为争权夺利导致王朝分崩离析,势力大衰。随后,1449年的“土木之变”也致使明朝元气大伤,国力一落千丈。明、帖两国几乎同时走向衰落,导致两国在对外交往中逐渐放弃了原本积极的态度,朝贡贸易也逐渐衰落。至1507年,乌兹别克人攻占河中地区,帖木儿王朝最终灭亡,明、帖朝贡贸易也随之断绝。明朝与帖木儿之间的朝贡贸易不仅极大地促进了明、帖两国的政治、经济和文化交流,而且通过“陆上丝绸之路”将明代中国与中亚地区紧密地联结在一起,创造了明代中国和中亚地区外交史上的辉煌篇章。时至今日,明、帖友好交往的历史可以为当今中国与中亚国家互利共赢、共谋发展以及共建“丝绸之路经济带”提供有益的历史借鉴。
[Abstract]:The tributary trade between Ming Dynasty and Timur Dynasty is not only an important part of the close contact between Ming Dynasty and the Western States, but also one of the important ways for China to exchange necessities with Central Asia through the "Land Silk Road" in the Ming Dynasty. In this paper, time is the clue, relying on a large number of Chinese and foreign literature, and combined with the latest academic research on this issue, to strive for a comprehensive, systematic, Objectively sketching out the historical process and development track of the tributary trade between the Ming Dynasty and the Timur Dynasty. In 1387, Timur sent back to Manchurafiz to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty gave a generous reward, which marked the Ming Dynasty. The official establishment of tributary trade relations. Since then, the Ming Dynasty, tributary trade in Hongwu years 1368-1398) close development. By 1396, Timur had grown in power and ambition, and detained the Fu'an mission sent by the Ming Dynasty. From then on, Timur's attitude toward the Ming Dynasty gradually became tough, and finally developed to the confrontation situation of soldiers and soldiers facing each other. In 1404, when Timur led the troops to the Eastern Expedition, the Ming Dynasty did not give in to weakness, and actively integrated the army to prepare for war, strengthening the border and preparing forces, which led to the Ming Dynasty. The post relationship falls into a state of incandescence. With the return of Fu'an and other people and bilateral efforts, the Ming and Tay tribute trade resumed, and in the Yongle period 1403-1424) became prosperous, and the period of Hongxi, 1425-, Xuande, 1426-1435) and orthodoxy 1436-1449) developed smoothly. In 1447, Shaharu died, and his son fought for power, which led to the disintegration of the dynasty and the great decline of power. Subsequently, the 1449 "civil engineering changes" also led to the Ming Dynasty, national strength plummeted. In Ming Dynasty, the two countries declined almost at the same time, which led to the gradual abandonment of the original positive attitude and the gradual decline of tributary trade. In 1507, the Uzbeks captured the middle of the river, and the Timur dynasty finally perished, and the tributary trade was cut off in the Ming Dynasty. The tributary trade between the Ming Dynasty and Timur not only greatly promoted the political, economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries, but also closely linked China and Central Asia through the "land Silk Road". Created a brilliant chapter in the diplomatic history of China and Central Asia in Ming Dynasty. To this day, the history of friendly exchanges between China and Central Asian countries can provide a useful historical reference for mutual benefit, common development and construction of "Silk Road Economic Belt" between China and Central Asian countries.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】