官方贸易主导下清代西北地区市场体系的形成

发布时间：2018-06-08 22:14

本文选题：清代 + 西北五省　；参考：《清史研究》2016年04期

【摘要】：清代是中国疆域稳固发展的重要历史时期,伴随西北地区行政建制的逐步完善,交通体系也形成系统。除京师通西北的"皋兰官路",沿明长城东起京师,西展至肃州、酒泉军站的北边道路也进一步形成。交通道路的开辟,加强了西北与东南省区的贸易往来。清前期在官方贸易主导之下,逐渐形成统一、规范的市场体系。以西安、泾阳、三原为全国性东西货品的加工与转运中心,以兰州为二级货物分销点,以西宁、哈密、宁夏、古城等地为三级批发市场,形成西北地区大宗货品茶叶、布匹、海岱杂货以及西北地区毛皮、药材的东输西运中心。乾隆以后,伴随官方贸易逐渐减弱,商人力量加强,这种市场体系更加稳固,直到近代,开埠通商、铁路运行以及西方商行的介入才逐渐改变了这种贸易格局。西北五省经济上的一体性进一步促成地区行政体系的整合,建国初期中国行政大区规划方案将西北五省作为统一体,主要基于五省经济结构的一体性。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty was an important historical period for the steady development of China's territory. With the gradual improvement of the administrative system in Northwest China, the transportation system also formed a system. In addition to the Beijing-Shitong northwest of the "Gaolan official Road," along the Ming the Great Wall east, west spread to Suzhou, Jiuquan military station of the northern road is further formed. The opening of traffic roads strengthened the trade between northwest and southeast provinces. In the early Qing Dynasty, under the guidance of official trade, a unified and standardized market system was gradually formed. Xi'an, Jingyang and Sanyuan are the national processing and transportation centers for goods from east to west, Lanzhou as the secondary distribution point of goods, Xining, Hami, Ningxia, ancient cities and other places as tertiary wholesale markets, forming the northwest region bulk goods tea, cloth, Haidai groceries as well as the northwest fur, medicinal materials east-west transportation center. After Qianlong, with the weakening of official trade and the strengthening of merchants' power, the market system became more stable, until the opening of ports, railway operation and the intervention of western commercial firms gradually changed the trade pattern. The economic unity of the five northwest provinces further promoted the integration of the regional administrative system. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the planning scheme of the five northwest provinces was based on the unity of the economic structure of the five provinces.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：2014年国家社会科学重大项目资助(142DB031)
【分类号】：F729;K249

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