《史记》采《战国策》考论

发布时间：2018-07-14 21:47

【摘要】： 本文论题所用“采”字，是沿用司马迁、班固等人之说，，意思是“采录”，“采集”。即《史记》文本多“采录”《战国策》篇章。虽然这已早有定论，但《史记》采《策》文究竟有多少篇及哪些篇目，尚无定论。究其原因，是因版本、统计角度和依据标准不同所致。本文首次对此作全面考证和探讨。本文由考、论两部分组成。第一章为考证部分。笔者对照众多版本，确定以目前通行本《战国策集注汇考》为基础，同时兼及其他版本。统计角度则兼顾《战国策》文章的整体性。采文标准主要是比较两者文字的差异，即字句多相同者视为采文。通过考证，统计出《史记》采录《战国策》文章有96则。具体篇目详见附录一：《史记》采《战国策》表（一）。此外，《史记》根据《策》文加以发挥创造的有10章，详见附录二：《史记》本《战国策》表（二）。第二章为论述部分。实际上是《史记》与《战国策》的比较研究。但紧紧扣住“《史》采《策》文”立说。分三节：第一节，总结《史记》采录《战国策》文的基本原则和主要方法。主要探究司马迁如何选择、取舍《战国策》文，以及如何对《策》文进行整理、考核、剪裁、增补和改写的工作。第二节，《史记》采《战国策》文的深层意蕴。通过比较发现，《史记》与《战国策》虽取材相同或近似，但表达的主旨却泅然有别。司马迁“成一家之言”的著史理想一以贯之。“本纪”和“世家”所采录的《策》文主要涉及内政和外交两方面，特别关注关系国家兴衰存亡的重大历史事件，从而“考之行事，稽其兴败成坏之理”，为统治者提供治世良方。“列传”选材则重点围绕对个体生命价值的思考和考察，强调品行特出的节操和建功立业的抱负，弘扬积极进取、自强不息的精神，从而抒发作者心中的愤憾，寄予作者强烈的思想感情。此外，作者爱奇的审美观也影响了他对《策》文“奇人”、“奇谋” 和“奇文”的赏识与选择。第三节，探讨《史记》对《战国策》叙事艺术的继承和发展。《史记》继承了《策》文纵横恣肆的文风和宜丽华赡的文采，但《战国策》是以记言为主的论说类作品，除少量作品叙事完整外，尚不完全具备记叙文的基本要素。司马迁采《策》文，通过合理调整叙事结构，增加故事情节的曲折性，增加细节描写及运用多种文学表现手法，极大地提高了叙事的艺术水平，增强了文章的表现力。
[Abstract]:The word "Cai" used in this thesis is followed by Sima Qian, Ban Gu and others, which means "collecting" and "collecting".
That is to say, there are many chapters in the book of historical records.
There are no definite conclusions about the number of articles and articles. The reason is that they are different in terms of version, statistics and standards.
This is the first time to make a thorough textual research and discussion.
This article is composed of two parts.
The first chapter is the textual research part. The author, in contrast to many editions, confirms that the current passage is "war strategy".
At the same time, it also includes other versions. From the statistical point of view, we should take into account the integrity of the articles of Zhan Guo CE.
Comparing the differences between the two languages, that is to say, if the words are more or less the same, they should be regarded as "Wen".
There are 96 articles in the national policy. The specific contents are appended to Appendix 1: "historical records".
There are 10 chapters on the creation of the policy according to the policy. The detailed appendix two is the historical records (two).
The second chapter is the discussion part. In fact, it is a comparative study between Shi Ji and Zhan Guo CE.
"The" "strategy > Article" said. It is divided into three sections.
In the first section, we summarize the basic principles and main methods of the historical records.
How to choose and choose the text of "Zhan Guo CE", and how to collate, assess, tailor, supplement and reform the policy.
Write a job.
The second section is about the deep meaning of the text of the historical records.
Although the same or similar material is used, the theme of expression is different. Sima Qian's history of "becoming a family" is an ideal one.
It is mainly related to two aspects of internal affairs and diplomacy.
The great historical events of the rise and fall of the country, so as to "act in accordance with the examination, and make it fail to become a bad one", provides governance for the rulers.
The selection of biographies focuses on the thinking and inspection of the value of individual life, emphasizing the integrity of conduct.
The ambition of building up a career and carrying forward the spirit of striving for progress and striving for self-improvement, so as to express the indignation in the author's mind, and put it forward.
In addition, the aesthetical view of the author also affected his "strange man" and "conspiracy".
And the appreciation and choice of "magic".
The third section discusses the inheritance and development of the narrative art of the Warring States policy.
The wanton style of writing and the literary grace of Yi Lihua, but Zhan Guo CE is a kind of argumentation mainly based on recording, except for less.
The complete narrative of volume works is not yet fully equipped with the basic elements of narrative. Sima Qian adopted the policy.
The whole narrative structure increases the tortuosity of the plot, adds detailed descriptions and uses many literary expressions.
It improves the artistic level of narration and enhances the expressive power of the article.
【学位授予单位】：西南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：I207.5;K204.2

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