榆林小曲研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 14:28

【摘要】：榆林古称“上郡”,始于春秋战国,明清时期,榆林已是九边重镇,素有“小北京”之美誉。随着榆林战略位置的突显,政府也愈来愈重视并增加了榆林官员的派遣,所以出现了历史上著名的“南官北座”现象。官员、将军们不仅从江南带来了众多军队,也把江南的思想观念、生活方式渗透到了榆林,榆林小曲就是在这样的氛围中形成了。小曲不仅保留了江南小曲的原有特色,而且吸收了许多陕北民歌的词曲,成为典型的南北文化融合产物,展现了榆林城镇市民独特的生活情趣和民俗风情。小曲内容雅俗趣味,不仅是百姓间的娱乐消遣,而且与民众的日常生活紧密联系,因此被誉为“市民音乐”,集中折射出榆林民众独特的民俗风情。榆林小曲传承已数百年,显然是我们民间文化的原生态,对于该文化的探究,定然会对我们传统民间艺术的研究有重大借鉴意义。然而现今,受当代流行音乐影响,传统艺术发展举步维艰,诚然小曲得到诸多专家学者的关注与研究,但因缺乏系统的梳理和研究,听众基础薄弱、传承人老龄化,以及小曲演唱曲目缺乏新意、表演形式单一枯燥等因素,小曲的发展形势非常严峻,因此传承、发扬榆林小曲刻不容缓。本文结构除引言外,总共分为以下四部分:第一部分是介绍榆林小曲形成的历史沿革。具体从明清时期、清末至建国后、文革至改革开放前、改革开放后四个时期梳理了榆林小曲的形成、繁荣、没落、复苏四个阶段。第二部分是深入探讨了榆林小曲的形成原因。从边陲军人的喜好娱乐、边塞商贸往来、大众娱乐的需要这三个方面具体阐述小曲诞生的原因,集中体现榆林这块土地为小曲的诞生提供了肥沃的土壤。第三部分是着重于榆林小曲自身独特的艺术特色,反映出榆林小曲属南北融合之物,是榆林独有的文化符号。第四部分是详细阐述了榆林小曲所反映的近代社会。关注小曲唱词中反映的榆林人口迁徙、商业贸易、社会现状、民风民俗四个方面,进而还原榆林的近代社会面貌。深入探讨榆林小曲的唱词内容,进而窥探小曲所蕴含的历史文化,不仅丰富了榆林小曲的研究,而且还可以清晰地折射出榆林近代社会的面貌。总而言之,榆林小曲这种独特的明清遗曲,不仅在陕北民间艺术文化中占有重要地位,也为专家学者探讨榆林地区近代社会丰富了史料,这些对非物质文化遗产的传承和发扬都有非常重要的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Yulin ancient name "Shangjun", began in the Spring and Autumn warring States, Ming and Qing dynasties, Yulin has been a Nine-border town, known as "small Beijing" reputation. With the prominence of Yulin's strategic position, the government has paid more and more attention to and increased the dispatch of Yulin officials. Officials, generals not only brought a large number of troops from the south of the Yangtze River, but also the ideas and lifestyles of the south of the Yangtze River permeated into Yulin, Yulin Xiaoqu was formed in such an atmosphere. Xiaoqu not only retains the original characteristics of Jiangnan folk song, but also absorbs many songs of Northern Shaanxi folk songs, and becomes a typical product of North-South culture fusion, showing the unique life and folk customs of the citizens of Yulin town. The tasteful and vulgar content of the Xiao qu is not only the entertainment of the common people, but also the close connection with the people's daily life, so it is called "citizen music" and reflects the unique folk customs of the people in Yulin. Yulin Xiaoqu has been passed on for hundreds of years, which is obviously the original ecology of our folk culture. The exploration of this culture will certainly be of great significance to the study of our traditional folk art. However, nowadays, under the influence of contemporary pop music, the development of traditional art is very difficult. It is true that many experts and scholars have paid close attention to the small music, but because of the lack of systematic combing and research, the audience foundation is weak, and people are aging. As well as the lack of new songs, performance form single boring and other factors, the development of small music situation is very grim, so it is urgent to carry forward Yulin Xiaoqu. In addition to the introduction, the structure of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is to introduce the historical evolution of the formation of Xiao qu in Yulin. From the Ming and Qing dynasties, the late Qing Dynasty to the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Cultural Revolution to the reform and opening up, four periods after the reform and opening up to the outside world, the formation, prosperity, decline, recovery of the four stages of Yulin. The second part is to explore the causes of the formation of Yulin Xiaoqu. This paper expounds the reasons for the birth of Xiaoqu from the three aspects of the frontier servicemen's preference for entertainment, frontier fortress trade and trade, and the need for popular entertainment, which mainly reflects the fertile soil for the birth of Xiao qu in Yulin. The third part focuses on the unique artistic characteristics of Yulin Xiaoqu, which reflects that Yulin Xiaoqu belongs to the integration of the north and the south, and is a unique cultural symbol of Yulin. The fourth part is a detailed description of the modern society reflected in Yulin Xiaoqu. This paper focuses on the four aspects of Yulin population migration, commerce and trade, social status quo and folk customs, which are reflected in the lyrics of Xiao qu, and then restore the modern social outlook of Yulin. It not only enriches the study of Xiao qu in Yulin, but also clearly reflects the appearance of modern society in Yulin. In a word, Yulin Xiaoqu, a unique relic of the Ming and Qing dynasties, not only occupies an important position in the folk art culture of Northern Shaanxi, but also enriches the historical data for experts and scholars to discuss the modern society in Yulin region. These are very important for the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K207

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