明清时期孔府祭田研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 20:42

【摘要】：祭田是中国特有的一种财产类型,它是族田的一种,用来维护宗族制度的经济基础。“国之大事,惟祀与戎”,设置祭田的目的是为了保障家族祭祀的正常进行。祭祀所需的牺牲、器物、礼乐;祭祀场所祠堂的修葺;家谱的修撰等都需要大量经费,而这些经费都是靠家族祭田之地租收入所得来供给。孔府祭田主要来源有三:首先,帝王钦赐和拨补,其中尤以朱元璋赐祭田“二千大顷”为最,主要分为五屯、四厂、十八官庄;其次,投献和捐赠祭田;最后,开垦荒地。鼎盛时期的孔府拥有祭田、学田和私田万顷,分别坐落在山东、江苏、河南、河北等五省三十多个州县内。孔府设有管勾厅来对祭田进行有效的管理,其主要职责是:租税的征收、佃户户籍的管理、土地纠纷等。并针对不同的祭田类型:屯、厂、官庄采取不同的管理措施。但是,农民起义与战争、自然灾害以及管理人员盗卖祭田等腐败行为,造成祭田的大量迷失。孔府为此也采取一系列的措施来防止祭田的迷失,比如:通过鲁源庄立碑,划分土地界限以使祭田土地条段分明。由于孔府历史地位的特殊性,祭田不仅是孔府祭祀的物质基础,同时,也是孔府日常生活消费的经济来源。所以,祭田变化必然对孔府祭祀以及生活消费产生影响。本文利用历史学、社会学等研究方法,以孔府祭田为切入点,结合孔府档案和山东地方志等资料,从孔府祭田来源、分布、管理以及对孔府的影响等方面展开论述,力争给大家呈现充实完备的研究成果。
[Abstract]:Sacrificial farmland is a unique property type in China, which is used to maintain the economic foundation of clan system. The purpose of offering sacrifices to the field is to ensure the normal conduct of family sacrifices. Sacrificial sacrifices, utensils, rituals and music; the repair of ancestral halls in sacrificial places; and the compilation of genealogy require a great deal of money, which is provided by the income from the land rent of the family sacrifices to the fields. There are three main sources of Confucius sacrificial fields: first, emperors give them and replenish them, among which, Zhu Yuanzhang gives them two thousand hectares, which are mainly divided into five villages, four factories, eighteen mandarin villages; secondly, offering and donating the fields; and finally, reclaiming wasteland. In its heyday, Confucius House had more than 30 states and counties in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Hebei provinces. Confucius House has a management hall to effectively manage the sacrificial farmland, its main duties are: tax collection, tenant household registration management, land disputes, and so on. And different types of sacrificial farmland: Tun, factory, Guanzhuang take different management measures. However, peasant uprisings and wars, natural disasters and corrupt practices such as embezzlement and sale of sacrificial fields by managers have led to a great deal of loss of sacrificial fields. For this reason, Confucius also took a series of measures to prevent the loss of the sacrificial farmland, for example, by setting up a monument in Luyuanzhuang, dividing the land boundary to make it clear. Because of the particularity of Confucius' historical status, sacrificial field is not only the material basis of Confucius sacrifice, but also the economic source of Confucius' daily life consumption. Therefore, the change of sacrificial fields must have an impact on the sacrificial sacrifice and living consumption of Confucius House. Using historical and sociological research methods, taking the Confucius sacrificial field as the starting point and combining the Confucius archives and Shandong local chronicles, this paper discusses the source, distribution, management and influence of the Confucius memorial field. Strive to give everyone a substantial and complete research results.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K248

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