清代江南地区水驿制度研究（1660-1911）

发布时间：2018-08-26 14:19

【摘要】：本文以清代江南地区水驿制度为研究对象,从顺治十七年(公元1660年)朝廷复准在江南地区的江宁、镇江、常州、苏州、嘉兴、湖州、杭州等七府添设水驿始,至宣统三年(公元1911年)清王朝覆灭止。江南七府地区的水驿是在原有的驿站基础上添设的,故而各水驿多与陆路驿站共处同一馆舍。江南地区水驿多沿区域内两大水系长江与京杭大运河分布,呈现出沿江、沿河分布的水驿分布格局。江南水驿的分布格局为江南水驿发挥建设交通网络、传递文报、递送公务人员与外使朝贡、调防军队、运输饷银、发展地区经济等水驿功能提供了载体。清王朝为维持江南水驿的正常运转,构建了江南地区的水驿制度,为江南水驿的运行提供了制度性保障。太平军时期,江南水驿遭受重创,江南水驿的规模锐减,功能被严重削弱,战后亦长期无法复原。太平军在江南建立的通信机构——疏附衙,负责传递太平军军情、政令,取代了江南水驿。太平军战争结束后,民间社会力量参与江南水驿的重建活动,并促使水驿的使用权由官方向民间下放。清王朝在太平军战后对江南水驿进行重建的过程中,对江南水驿制度进行调整,以便江南水驿能够继续巩固清王朝的统治。西方新式交通、通讯工具的传入,在信息传递与运输领域逐步取代传统江南水驿。尤其是新式邮政的传入,使得水驿传递文报的功能受到急遽削弱。传统江南水驿未能在清末的变局中作出适时地调整,最终在“裁驿归邮”的浪潮中淡出了历史舞台。“裁驿归邮”虽为我国传统邮驿发展之必然趋势,因其所涉利益关系,且涉维护邮权问题,故而在实施过程中中央与地方之间,不同部门之间,甚至中外之间,博弈极为激烈。“裁驿归邮”之路,可谓步履维艰。终清王朝之世,未能彻底完成“裁驿归邮”,实现传统邮驿向现代邮政的转型。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the water relay system in the south of the Yangtze River in Qing Dynasty as the research object, beginning with the restoration of the imperial court in Jiangning, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Hangzhou, etc., in Jiangning, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Hangzhou in Shunzhi seventeen years (AD 1660). Xuantong three years (A. D. 1911) Qing Dynasty fell. The water relay in Qifu area of the south of the Yangtze River is built on the basis of the original post station, so each water post station has the same premises with the land post station. In the south of the Yangtze River, the water relay is distributed along the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, showing the distribution pattern along the river and along the river. The distribution pattern of Jiangnan water relay provides a carrier for the water relay function of Jiangnan water relay, such as building traffic network, transmitting papers, delivering tributary service to civil servants, adjusting and defending troops, transporting money, developing regional economy, and so on. In order to maintain the normal operation of the Jiangnan water relay, the Qing Dynasty constructed the water relay system in the south of the Yangtze River and provided the institutional guarantee for the operation of the Jiangnan water relay. During the period of Taiping Army, Jiangnan water relay suffered heavy damage, the scale of Jiangnan water relay decreased sharply, its function was seriously weakened, and it could not be restored for a long time after the war. Taiping Army in Jiangnan set up a communications organization-Shufu Ya, responsible for transmitting the Taiping Army military, political orders, replaced the Jiangnan water-relay. After the Taiping War, civil society took part in the reconstruction of Jiangnan water relay, and promoted the right of water relay to be transferred from the government to the people. In the process of rebuilding the Jiangnan water relay after the Taiping army, the Qing Dynasty adjusted the water relay system so that the Jiangnan water relay could continue to consolidate the Qing dynasty rule. In the field of information transmission and transportation, the western new traffic and communication means gradually replaced the traditional Jiangnan water relay. In particular, the introduction of new postal services, so that the water-post delivery of news-related function has been sharply weakened. The traditional Jiangnan water post failed to make timely adjustment in the late Qing Dynasty, and finally faded out of the historical stage in the tide of "returning the post to the post". Although "returning post" is an inevitable trend of the development of traditional postal post in our country, because of its interest relation and the protection of postal right, the game is extremely fierce between the central and local authorities, different departments and even between China and foreign countries in the process of implementation. The road of "returning post to mail" can be described as a difficult one. At the end of Qing Dynasty, it failed to complete the transition from traditional post to modern post.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K249

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