中国古代的“中国”与“国号”的背离与重合——中国古代“中国”国家观念的演进

发布时间：2018-10-20 09:47

【摘要】：中国古代的"中国"与"国号"存在背离和重合现象。中国古代存在众多以"国号"为代表的政权,这些政权虽然可以称为古代国家,但只能代表各自的具体国家政权。而中国古代的"中国"主要的并非是一个政权的概念,与以"国号"为代表的政权存在背离现象,但有时也用来指称政权,主要有两种情况:一是以"国号"为代表的各个政权的自称,在古代"中国"处于分裂的状态下,这种"中国"自称与各个政权皆自称"中国"的统称仍然存在背离现象,只有在历史上中国处于统一的情况下"中国"与"国号"才会出现某种重合,这种重合经过元明时期的发展,到了清朝时期最终完成,直到1912年中华民国成立,"中国"与"国号"才最后实现了统一。另一种情况是后来的政权在追述本朝历史或议论以前各个朝代时,对历史上以中原地区为主且有相互递嬗关系或没有递嬗关系但为自己政权所继承的多个政权的通称,这种通称虽然与一些"国号"也会出现某种背离,但基本上符合古代中国历史实际,并成为我们认识前代历史的一种准则,今天认识中国历史疆域也应该遵循这种准则。
[Abstract]:In ancient China, there were deviations and overlaps between "China" and "National name". In ancient China, there were many regimes represented by the name of the state. Although these regimes could be called ancient countries, they could only represent their specific state regimes. In ancient China, "China" was not a concept of a regime, which deviated from the regime represented by the "name of the state", but was sometimes used to refer to the regime. There are two main situations: first, the self-proclaimed names of the various regimes represented by the "national name" still deviate from the general title of "China" when the ancient "China" is in a state of division. Only when China is unified in history can there be a certain overlap between "China" and "the name of the country", which was finally completed in the Qing Dynasty after the development of the Yuan and Ming dynasties. It was not until the founding of the Republic of China in 1912 that China and its name were finally unified. In another case, when the later regime traced back the history of the current dynasty or discussed the previous dynasties, it referred to many regimes in history that were dominated by the Central Plains and had a reciprocal or no evolutionary relationship but were inherited by their own regimes. Although this general term may deviate from some "national names", it basically accords with the reality of ancient Chinese history and has become a criterion for our understanding of the history of the previous generation, and it should also be followed in our understanding of the territory of Chinese history today.
【作者单位】：吉林大学文学院历史系;
【分类号】：K207

【参考文献】