五行相胜框架下的四个帝德谱

发布时间：2018-11-15 06:43

【摘要】：古而有之的五行观念导致了以相胜为特征的五德终始说的产生,战国时代的齐人驺衍,是此种理论的集大成者。自战国至西汉前期,五德终始说一直是论证王朝正僭的主要理论工具。驺衍利用此理论,构建了一个从土德黄帝开始至火德周朝结束的,尚未完成一轮五行循环的帝德谱。意欲证明本朝统治天下合乎天道的秦始皇接受了驺衍的理论,他以本朝为水德,从而使驺衍版帝德谱完成了一轮五行循环。西汉前期的统治者也接纳了五德终始说,但德制前后有别。由高祖提出的汉为水德说获得了硕学张苍的论证,汉高祖—张苍版帝德谱意味着秦朝不在正统中。在文帝时代就已酝酿的德制变革,至武帝太初改制才获得了实现。武帝版帝德谱以汉为土德,恢复了秦朝的正统地位。这个帝德谱成为五行相胜框架下的最终定本,直到西汉末年新五德终始说产生后,才为新形式的帝德谱所取代。
[Abstract]:The ancient concept of "five elements" led to the emergence of the "five virtues" theory characterized by victory, and the Qi people in the warring States period were the epitomists of this theory. From the warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty, the theory of "five virtues" has been the main theoretical tool to justify the dynastic blasphemy. Using this theory, he constructed a spectrum of Emperor de from the beginning of the Yellow Emperor Tude to the end of the Huode Zhou Dynasty, which had not yet completed a round of five elements cycle. Qin Shihuang, who intended to prove that the reign of this dynasty was in accordance with heaven, accepted the theory that he regarded this dynasty as a virtue of water, and thus completed a round of five elements cycle. The rulers of the early Western Han Dynasty also accepted the theory of "five virtues", but the German system was different before and after. Zhang Cang, a master's scholar of the Han Dynasty, proposed by Gao Zu that the Han Dynasty was not orthodox, and Zhang Cang's version of the Emperor's score meant that the Qin Dynasty was not in orthodoxy. The reform of the German system, which had been brewing in the times of Emperor Wen, was realized only at the beginning of the reform of Emperor Wu. Wu Di version of the score of the Han Dynasty for the soil, restoring the orthodox status of the Qin Dynasty. It was not until the end of the Western Han Dynasty that it was replaced by the new form of dynastic spectrum.
【作者单位】：中山大学中国古文献研究所
【分类号】：B992.1;K204.2

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