《前秦建元籍》与汉唐间籍帐制度的变化

发布时间：2019-06-03 19:06

【摘要】：《前秦建元籍》是目前所见最早的纸本户籍,其第三栏登载的是每户的赀产状况,而非财产转移的记录。该文书标明"三月籍",不同于秦汉时期的八月造籍和唐代的正月造籍,这可能与当时特定的历史背景有关。该籍中户主的籍贯分别注明州、郡、县、乡、里,与秦汉三国时期的户籍简只注明里名有很大差异,说明纸本户籍不再局限于保存在乡、县,而是要进一步上呈郡、州,直至中央机构。从登载的内容和统计的重点看,《前秦建元籍》与走马楼户籍简中的"凡口若干"一类性质相近;但以往的户籍简是一年更造,该籍与南朝户籍则是数年一造,据此可以推测当时的纸本户籍背后已有每年度编造的计帐类文书存在。
[Abstract]:The former Qin Jianyuan nationality is the earliest paper household registration seen at present, and its third column contains the wealth status of each household, not the record of property transfer. This document indicates that "March nationality" is different from the creation of books in August in Qin and Han dynasties and the first month in Tang Dynasty, which may be related to the specific historical background at that time. The place of origin of the head of household in this register is marked state, county, township, and li, respectively, and the household registration in Qin and Han dynasties is only marked with the name of Li, indicating that the paper household registration is no longer limited to being kept in the township or county, but should be further submitted to the county and state. To the central authority. From the point of view of the contents and statistics published, the nature of "pre-Qin Jian-Yuan nationality" is similar to that of "Fankou several" in the brief household registration of Ma Lou. However, in the past, the household registration was built in a year, and the household registration in the Southern Dynasty was built in a few years. It can be inferred that there are accounting documents compiled every year behind the paper household registration at that time.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“汉唐户籍文书研究”(08BZS019)的阶段性成果霍英东教育基金会资助
【分类号】：D691.6;K207

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