先秦君子观念研究

发布时间：2019-06-19 00:19

【摘要】：滥觞于先秦时期的君子观念在中国传统文化的发展过程中具有重要意义。在殷周之际国家与社会制度变革的背景下,原本存在的“君”与“子”概念逐渐合流,“君——子”作为一个新的复合概念应运而生,成为描述早期宗法制度下商王继承人独特身份的准确概念,现有文献中“君子”概念“尊贵性”的早期涵义也同样在这一逻辑过程中诞生。继而随着殷周之际人文精神的跃动,包括“君子”以及与之相关的“天”“德”等概念都经历了关键性的涵义变化。在周人天命观念的下落的同时,“天”与“君子”的概念逐渐与抽象的“德性”发生关联,进而推动了“君子”涵义由“位”而“德”的引申。与此同时,君子观念通过内外两条线索分别与金玉山水等自然意象发生了一系列关联,其一是藉天命论为纽带与古代玉文化交汇融通,其二则是通过以自然之物“比德”这一古代中国独特的审美情趣为关联途径。西周以降,阶级因素长期在时人君子观念中占有一席之地,直到孔子及其后的思想家们通过其在天人关系上的哲学突破彻底改造了这一状况。“轴心突破”后诸子虽对“君子之道”各有发明,但对“道”的追求仍是其自三代文化传统继承而来的共识。其中值得注意的还有儒家“君子”与更高境界的“圣人”皆为“师”的重要特征以及这一特征与“圣人”概念诞生的哲学意义所共同深刻反映出的早期儒学与生俱来的弘道意识。
[Abstract]:The concept of gentleman, which originated in the pre-Qin period, is of great significance in the development of Chinese traditional culture. Under the background of the reform of state and social system in Yin and Zhou dynasties, the original concepts of "monarch" and "son" gradually confluent. "Jun-Zi", as a new compound concept, came into being and became an accurate concept describing the unique identity of the heir of Shang king under the early patriarchal system. The early meaning of the concept of "gentleman" in the existing literature was also born in this logical process. Then, with the leap of humanistic spirit in Yin and Zhou dynasties, including the concepts of "gentleman" and related concepts such as "heaven" and "virtue", they all experienced key changes in meaning. At the same time, the concepts of "heaven" and "gentleman" are gradually related to the abstract "virtue", which promotes the extension of the meaning of "gentleman" from "position" to "virtue". At the same time, the concept of gentleman has a series of connections with the natural images such as Jinyu landscape through internal and external clues, one is to connect with the ancient jade culture through the theory of destiny, and the other is to connect with the unique aesthetic taste of ancient China, the natural thing "Bede". In the Western Zhou Dynasty, class factors occupied a place in the concept of gentleman for a long time, until Confucius and his subsequent thinkers completely transformed this situation through their philosophical breakthrough in the relationship between heaven and man. Although the sons of "the way of the gentleman" were invented after the "axial breakthrough", the pursuit of "Tao" is still the consensus inherited from the cultural traditions of the three generations. Among them, it is worth noting that the Confucian "gentleman" and the "sage" in the higher realm are the important characteristics of "teacher" and the philosophical significance of the birth of the concept of "sage".
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K22

【相似文献】