基于GIS的农业土壤重金属风险评价研究——以南京市八卦洲为例

发布时间：2017-12-28 17:26

本文关键词：基于GIS的农业土壤重金属风险评价研究——以南京市八卦洲为例　出处：《土壤学报》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

更多相关文章： 农业土壤 重金属 风险评价 GIS

【摘要】：农产品产地环境安全受到广泛关注,合理评价农产品产地土壤重金属的风险状况,具有现实和长远意义。以南京市八卦洲农业土壤为例,选取对人体危害较大的As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb五种重金属元素,对表层土壤进行采样分析,分别采用传统标准方法、农业部发布的《全国农产品产地土壤重金属安全评估技术规定》(产地评估标准方法)和改进地累积综合指数法对该地区农业土壤重金属风险状况进行评价,运用GIS地统计学方法分析重金属风险等级的分布特征。结果表明:5种重金属元素的平均含量分别为11.0、0.38、92.1、0.08和34.5 mg kg-1,除元素Hg以外,均超过南京市土壤环境背景值。产地评估标准方法表明八卦洲超过80%的耕地无重金属风险,风险区零散分布在八卦洲西南部、南部以及东部地区,Cd和Pb是造成低风险的主要元素;传统标准方法仅显示了Cd元素的超标特征;地累积指数法表明Cd、Cr、Pb三种元素受人为活动影响较大,改进地累积综合指数法表明研究区总体生态状况良好。传统标准方法与产地评估标准方法能共同识别无风险的区域,而产地评估标准方法能更好地评价和划分农业土壤重金属风险区域,建议与改进地累积综合指数法结合使用,共同评估该地区农业土壤重金属风险水平、空间分布以及生态风险特征。
[Abstract]:The environmental safety of agricultural products is widely concerned. It is of practical and long-term significance to evaluate the risk of heavy metals in the soil of agricultural products. In agricultural soil of Nanjing city Baguazhou for example, select a larger As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb five kinds of heavy metals harm to human body, sampling and analysis of surface soil, the agricultural soil heavy metal safety assessment technology regulations respectively using the traditional standard method, released by the Ministry of agriculture "(origin assessment standard methods) evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils in the area of risk and improve the accumulation of comprehensive index method, using the GIS statistical methods to analyze the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the risk level. The results showed that the average contents of the 5 heavy metals were 11, 0.38, 92.1, 0.08 and 34.5 mg kg-1, except for Hg, which all surpassed the background value of soil environment in Nanjing. The origin of assessment method shows that Baguazhou more than 80% of the arable land without heavy metal risk, risk scattered distribution in the southwest, southern and Eastern Baguazhou, Cd and Pb are the main elements causing low risk; the traditional standard method only shows the characteristics of Cd exceed the standard; land accumulation index method showed that the three elements of Cd Cr and Pb affected by human activities greatly, improve the accumulation of comprehensive index method shows that the overall ecological condition in the study area is good. The origin of the traditional standard and standard method for the assessment method can identify non common risk areas, while the origin of standard evaluation method can better evaluate and division of agricultural soil heavy metal risk area, recommended in conjunction with improved cumulative comprehensive index method, to evaluate the area of agricultural soil heavy metals risk level, spatial distribution and ecological risk characteristics.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院;江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-009) 江苏省农产品产地安全智慧管控系统项目(JSZC-G2015-039)共同资助~~
【分类号】：X825
【正文快照】： 土壤重金属风险评价是土壤环境质量评价的重要组成部分。土壤重金属含量与母质、土壤质地、有机质含量以及工业化、城市化和农村集约化程度密切相关[1]。农业土壤重金属污染不仅会对土壤生态系统带来不利影响,同时也会关系到食品安全和潜在的健康风险问题[2]。开展农业土壤重

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