钱塘江流域杭州段水产动物中重金属分布特征及安全性评价

发布时间：2017-12-31 04:24

本文关键词：钱塘江流域杭州段水产动物中重金属分布特征及安全性评价　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：重金属因其高毒性和持久污染性而备受关注。重金属污染物进入江河等水生生态系统后,能够通过食物链的传递作用而逐渐富集,实现其生物富集和放大的作用,对水生动物产生毒性作用的同时严重威胁人类健康。近年来,天然水域水产动物由于其肉质鲜美、受饲料投喂等人工干扰少等特点,备受当地消费者的喜爱,但同时其肌肉中重金属的残留和安全风险却不容忽视。本文分析数据基于2015年对浙江省第一大水域——钱塘江流域杭州段的4个断面进行的3次水产动物采样调查,通过现场捕捞水产动物样品,取其可食部分进行重金属残留检测。采用微波消解-原子吸收/原子荧光法测定Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As等重金属的含量,分析讨论了水产动物中重金属的含量特征、物种差异和时空分布差异,评估了摄入可能引起的食用安全风险和健康风险。主要的研究结果如下:(1)钱塘江天然水域水产动物可食部分中重金属含量总体较低。Pb、As在水产动物可食部分中分别有1.3%和3.9%的超标,以《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》和相关文献值为依据,鱼类中As,甲壳类中Cu、Cd,以及贝类中Zn、Pb、As的单项污染指数大于0.2,呈现轻污染水平。(2)不同品种水产动物可食部分中重金属含量存在差异。贝类中Zn、Pb、As的含量较高,显著高于其他品种;甲壳类中Cu、Cd的含量较高,显著高于其他品种;而鱼类中除了 Hg的含量略高于其他品种外,其余重金属含量则较低,较为安全。综合评价结果显示,重金属的污染程度贝类最高,其次为甲壳类,鱼类最低。(3)不同时间段水产动物可食部分中的重金属含量存在差异。6月水产动物中各重金属含量总体较高,显著高于3月和/或9月。水温可能是导致差异、影响重金属累积的重要因素。(4)各重金属的平均含量在钱塘江水域上下游4个不同区域间无显著性差异(p0.05),空间分布差异较小。然而,重金属Pb在下游闻家堰三江口鱼肉中的含量显著高于上游建德三江口,这可能是流域周边含Pb废水排放污染和工厂大气沉降污染共同作用的结果。(5)食用安全性评估结果显示,钱塘江水域水产动物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As人均每周摄入量均小于PTWI限定值,各重金属的膳食摄入量均处在安全范围内。(6)健康风险评估结果发现,食用钱塘江水域中的水产动物摄入的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As对人体不具有潜在的健康风险,可以放心食用。但由于As对重金属健康风险的贡献率最大,且其非致癌健康危害较大,因此As的健康风险需要予以关注。
[Abstract]:Because of the high toxicity of heavy metals and persistent pollution and concern. Heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem of river, can through the transfer function of the food chain and enriched gradually realize its bioaccumulation and amplification effect, toxic to aquatic animal and a serious threat to human health. In recent years, due to natural waters aquatic animal the meat is delicious, by feeding and so less artificial interference characteristics, by local consumers, but at the same time, the heavy metal residues in muscle and security risks can not be ignored. This paper analyses 3 aquatic animal data base in 2015 of the 4 sections in Zhejiang province the first water Qiantang River River Basin in Hangzhou Province. The sampling survey, through on-site fishing of aquatic animal samples, the edible part of heavy metal residues detected by microwave digestion atomic absorption / atomic fluorescence spectrometry Cu Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and other heavy metals content, discussed the content characteristics of heavy metals in aquatic animal, differences in species differences in the spatial distribution and evaluation, may cause the intake of food safety and health risk. The main results are as follows: (1) Qian Tang natural waters aquatic animal can Jiangtian heavy metal content the food is generally low in.Pb, As in aquatic animal in edible parts of 1.3% and 3.9% respectively exceed the standard, with "no toxic harmful substances on the related literature and environmental pollution aquatic products in value as the basis, fish As, crustaceans in Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in shellfish, single pollution the As index is greater than 0.2, showing the level of light pollution. (2) different varieties of aquatic animal to heavy metal content of edible parts in shellfish are different. Zn, Pb, higher As content, significantly higher than the other varieties; crustaceans in Cu, the content of Cd is high, and the fish was significantly higher than that of other varieties; In addition to the content of Hg was slightly higher than that of other varieties, the heavy metal content is low, relatively safe. Comprehensive evaluation results showed that the highest degree of heavy metal contamination of shellfish, followed by crustaceans, fish (3) are the lowest. The difference of.6 content of heavy metals in aquatic animal month is generally high in different time period of aquatic animal edible part in the heavy metal content was significantly higher than that in March and / or September. The water temperature may lead to differences, important influencing factors of heavy metal accumulation. (4) the average content of heavy metals in Qiantang River waters downstream in 4 different regions had no significant difference (P0.05), the spatial distribution of small differences. However, the content in the lower reaches of the smell Sanjiang Jia Yan mouth fish heavy metals in Pb were significantly higher than that of the upper reaches of Jiande Sanjiang port, which may be around the basin containing Pb interaction pollution pollution and plant atmospheric deposition results. (5) for food safety assessment The results showed that Qiantang River waters aquatic animal in Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As per week were less than the limit value of PTWI intake, dietary intake of all heavy metals are in a safe range. (6) found that the results of health risk assessment, food Qiantang River waters in the aquatic animal intake of Cu, Zn. Pb, Cd, Hg, As does not have potential health risk to human body, can be safe to eat. But due to the As contribution to the health risk of heavy metals was the biggest, and the non carcinogenic health hazards, the health risk of As need to be concerned about.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52;X826

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