施用生物炭对重金属污染农田土壤改良及玉米生长的影响

发布时间：2017-12-31 09:21

本文关键词：施用生物炭对重金属污染农田土壤改良及玉米生长的影响　出处：《农业环境科学学报》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了解生物炭的农业环境效应,采用大田试验,研究了不同生物炭施用量(0、5、10、20、30 t·hm-2)对韶关仁化县矿区周边重金属污染农田土壤理化性质、玉米(粤甜9号)生长状况、产量及重金属累积等的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,生物炭显著提高土壤pH值和有机质质量分数,其提升幅度随施用量的增加而升高,而土壤阳离子交换量随施用量的增加先升高后降低;生物炭施加量达到30 t·hm-2时,土壤速效钾含量是CK处理的3.1倍,但不同生物炭施用量对土壤碱解氮含量的影响没有显著性差异;不同用量生物炭均能降低土壤Pb和Cd的含量,降低幅度分别为11.3%和23.9%。各处理均能有效降低Pb、Cd在玉米粒、玉米芯、玉米叶和玉米秆中的累积。当施用量为20 t·hm-2时,玉米粒中Pb的含量降低幅度达49.4%,Cd的降低幅度达45.4%;生物炭对玉米的增产效果随施用量的增加而增加,分别为CK的1.75、6.16、8.84倍和8.90倍。综上所述,生物炭通过提高土壤pH值和有机质含量,实现了对南方酸性土壤的改良,对玉米产量具有促进作用,可降低污染土壤重金属的生物有效性。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the environmental effects of biochar, a field experiment was conducted to study the different biological carbon dosage (0,5,10,20,30 t hm-2) in the mining area of Shaoguan Renhua county polluted farmland soil physical and chemical properties, maize (Yuetian 9) growth, affecting yield and heavy metal accumulation. The results showed that with the control (CK) compared with biochar significantly increased and organic matter content of soil pH value, the increase rate increased with the increase of fertilizer, soil cation exchange capacity with the increase of fertilizer increased first and then decreased; biochar applied reached 30 t hm-2, soil available potassium content is 3.1 times of CK treatment however, different biological effect of the dosage of carbon nitrogen content of soil alkali content had no significant difference; different amount of biochar can reduce soil Pb and Cd, decreased respectively 11.3% and 23.9%. treatments could effectively reduce Pb and Cd in Maize Grain, corn cob, corn stalk and corn leaves accumulated in. When the application amount was 20 t, hm-2, Pb content in corn grain decreased by 49.4%, Cd decreased by 45.4%; the effect of biochar on maize yield increased with the increase of fertilizer, respectively 1.75,6.16,8.84 and 8.90 times CK times. In conclusion, biochar can improve the soil pH value and organic matter content, the improvement of acid soil in the south of China, has a promoting effect on corn yield, can reduce the bioavailability of soil heavy metal pollution.

【作者单位】：广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所;农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室广东省农业资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室;东莞理工学院生态环境与建筑工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41571313,41401353,41401575) 国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2017YFNC060046) 广东省科技计划项目(2014A020216018,2016A020210034,2017A020203001,2017B020203002) 有机地球化学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(OGL-201506)~~
【分类号】：S513;X53
【正文快照】： 表1供试材料基本理化性质Table 1 Basic properties of test materials注:n.d.为未检出;土壤p H值的测定采用1∶2.5的土水比,生物炭p H值的测定采用1∶10的炭水比;土壤为有机质百分比,生物炭为C含量百分比。供试材料材料类型p H(H2O)有机质或C含量/%阳离子交换量CEC/cmol·kg-

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