稀土尾矿库湿地土壤重金属污染生态风险评价

发布时间：2018-01-01 17:12

本文关键词：稀土尾矿库湿地土壤重金属污染生态风险评价　出处：《人民黄河》2017年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以白云鄂博稀土尾矿存放地包钢尾矿库南侧湿地土壤为研究对象,以相对无污染的昭君岛黄河湿地和小白河黄河湿地自然保护区为对照样地,在不同深度进行采样,研究了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的累积效应和富集特征,并利用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、土壤污染负荷指数法进行污染程度评价,利用潜在生态风险指数法进行生态风险评价。结果表明:湿地土壤中重金属元素Cd、As、Pb、Cr和Ni均超过背景值,As元素超过了《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)中二级标准;单因子污染指数评价显示As、Cd对尾矿库周边土壤造成了严重污染;内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果显示所有样点土壤均为重度污染,其中尾矿库湿地土壤污染程度明显高于黄河湿地的;土壤污染负荷指数显示在尾矿库采样点耕作层(0~40 cm)土壤污染程度为重度,黄河湿地采样点为中度;整体而言,土壤重金属潜在生态风险随着深度的增加而降低,表层土壤重金属潜在风险最高。
[Abstract]:Baiyunebo Baotou Steel Rare Earth tailings tailings deposited on the south side of the wetland soil as the research object, with the relatively unpolluted Zhaojun island in the Yellow River wetland and Small River Wetland Nature Reserve in the Yellow River Province as the control plots were sampled at different depths of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and the cumulative effect of enrichment the characteristics, and the use of single factor pollution index, Nemero comprehensive pollution index of pollution degree evaluation of soil pollution load index, ecological risk assessment of the potential ecological risk index method. The results show that the heavy metals in wetland soil Cd, As, Pb, Cr and Ni exceeded the background value, As elements more than < soil environment quality standard > (GB15618 - 1995) in the two standards; evaluation of single factor pollution index showed that As, Cd of the tailings surrounding soil caused serious pollution; Nemero comprehensive pollution index evaluation results show that all the soil samples are heavy The degree of pollution, pollution of the wetland soil was significantly higher than that of tailings in the Yellow River wetland; soil pollution load index shows that the sampling points in the tailings tillage layer (0~40 cm) the degree of soil pollution is severe, the Yellow River wetland sampling points is moderate; overall, potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals decreased with the increase of depth, the potential risk of surface soil the highest heavy metal.

【作者单位】：内蒙古科技大学生命科学与技术学院;内蒙古自治区白云鄂博矿多金属资源综合利用重点实验室;内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院;内蒙古科技大学人文与法律学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31460142) 环保部公益性行业科研专项(201309005) 内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2014BS0311,2015MS0332) 内蒙古科技大学创新基金资助项目(2014QDL006)
【分类号】：X826
【正文快照】： 我国矿产资源在世界经济中占有举足轻重的地位,大小矿区多达30万座,白云鄂博矿经过数十年的开发和冶炼产生了大量稀土尾矿存放在包头包钢尾矿库中[1]。由于早期尾矿库的防渗漏措施不完善,加之当地植被覆盖度较低,因此尾矿在常年受到强风化作用及降水的冲刷和淋滤作用下,稀土元

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