钼酸盐光催化剂的制备及其降解罗丹明B性能的研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 05:13

  本文关键词：钼酸盐光催化剂的制备及其降解罗丹明B性能的研究　出处：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 光催化技术 钼酸盐 水热-溶剂热法 光催化活性

【摘要】：随着经济和工业的快速发展,人类对能源的需求也在增加,伴随着石油能源的开发,对环境带来严重的污染,因此对含油污水进行有效治理环境问题引起了人们越来越多的关注。废水中的有机污染物虽然它的含量和浓度不是很高,但是其毒性比较大,并且在自然界中难以自我降解,存在寿命比较长,由于这些特有的属性近几年来对环境和人类健康带来严重的危害,是我国目前造成环境污染问题的原因之一。因此在大气和水污染净化治理及环保领域对价格廉价,性能高和安全性高的绿色材料和技术的需求也在提高。而新型半导体光催化技术作为利用可再生、无污染的太阳能源通过光反应,形成羟基自由基将污水中的有机污染物氧化成水和CO_2等无机小分子来达到降解效果的一门技术,光催化技术与传统的处理技术相比它具有操作简便,速度快,降解完全并且没有二次污染物等优点,因此在解决污水环境污染方面倍受研究者的青睐。本论文主要是对钼酸盐光催化半导体材料的制备,表征及对罗丹明B有机污染物的光催化活性进行了一系列的研究。研究主要包括以下三个内容:(1)在没有添加任何表面活性剂的情况下,利用水热-溶剂热法和高温固相法,控制合成温度和时间来制备出正交结构的Cu_3Mo_2O_9光催化剂并使用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-VIS)等检测手段对所制备的光催化样品进行了表征,通过对样品的XRD分析研究得出催化剂在190℃反应18h为最佳合成条件。经过对有机污染物罗丹明B的降解可以发现,使用所制备的光催化剂Cu_3Mo_2O_9对罗丹明B进行光催化降解,在室温下60分钟内其降解率可以达到89.2%。(2)利用水热-溶剂热法,以水和乙二醇作为溶剂,在不同温度条件下反应12h制备正交结构的Bi_2MoO_6光催化剂。借助XRD、SEM、紫外可见漫吸收光谱等对样品进行了分析。从XRD和SEM分析研究了样品的形成过程及其形貌的变化,结果表明在不同温度条件下均能制备出目标产物Bi_2MoO_6。但是样品出现不同的形貌。样品的光催化活性以罗丹明B作为目标降解物,以氙灯作为光源,使用不同温度下制备的催化剂进行降解来比较样品的光催化活性。研究结果证明,在200℃温度下反应12h制备得出的样品具有最佳光催化活性,其降解率可以高达到96.2%。(3)利用水热-溶剂热法,用乙醇作为溶剂,在100℃温度条件下分别反应8h、10h、12h、14h制备出光催化剂Ag_2MoO_4,用一系列的表征方法对其结构、形貌进分析。用罗丹明B为目标降解物,在一个小内对它进行了光催化降解实验,最终得到在100℃条件下反应10小时制备的光催化剂Ag_2MoO_4跟其他条件下制备的催化剂相比,具有最佳的光催化活性。因此可以判定为同一温度条件下制备催化剂时,反应时间为10小时是本实验中最佳的制备条件。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and industry, the human demand for energy is also increasing. With the development of petroleum energy, it brings serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the effective treatment of oily wastewater. Although the content and concentration of organic pollutants in wastewater is not very high, its toxicity is relatively high. And it is difficult to self-degrade in nature, the existence of life is relatively long, due to these unique properties of the environment and human health brought serious harm in recent years. It is one of the causes of environmental pollution in our country at present. Therefore, the price is cheap in the field of air and water pollution purification and environmental protection. The demand for green materials and technologies with high performance and high safety is also increasing, while new semiconductor photocatalytic technologies are used to use renewable, pollution-free solar energy through light reactions. The technology of forming hydroxyl radical to oxidize organic pollutants in wastewater into water and inorganic small molecules such as CO_2 to achieve degradation effect. Compared with traditional treatment technology, photocatalytic technology is easy to operate. Because of the advantages of high speed, complete degradation and no secondary pollutants, many researchers are interested in solving the environmental pollution of sewage. In this paper, the preparation of molybdate photocatalytic semiconductor materials is studied. A series of studies on the photocatalytic activity of Rhodamine B organic pollutants were carried out. The study mainly includes the following three contents: 1) without adding any surfactants. The orthogonal structure Cu_3Mo_2O_9 photocatalyst was prepared by hydrothermal solvothermal method and high temperature solid state method. The photocatalytic samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV-Vis (UV-Vis). The XRD analysis of the samples showed that the catalyst was the best reaction condition at 190 鈩，

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