基于SPARROW模型的艾比湖流域地表水水质评价及污染负荷研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 04:44

本文关键词：基于SPARROW模型的艾比湖流域地表水水质评价及污染负荷研究　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文选取2014~2016年的艾比湖流域的地表水水质数据,首先利用统计学方法对流域水质污染情况进行全局评价,包括利用层次聚类法、判别分析法和因子分析法分析艾比湖流域地表水水质污染的整体情况,并在时间和空间上有机结合识别水质污染指标和污染区域。基于时空因子联合分析进行水质时空分异特征研究,同时利用主成分回归分析法对艾比湖流域水质主要污染因子进行污染源解析,然后利用SPARROW模型对流域各河段的重点污染指标(COD和TN)进行水质评价,并与多元统计方法的结果进行对比。基于SPARROW模型对艾比湖流域地表水水质进行污染负荷模拟,得到不同污染源在各河段和子流域中的污染负荷分布情况,定性和定量的分析各类污染源对水质的影响及水质污染源的解析。综合两种方法对艾比湖流域地表水水污染整体情况进行评估,从时间、空间、子流域和河段等方面进行水质的污染源解析,对流域地表水污染管控提供技术支持。多元统计分析结果表明:(1)艾比湖流域5月的地表水水质污染情况比10月较严重,而艾比湖、博尔塔拉河、精河在靠近艾比湖湖区的河道污染程度均要比其他河道严重。(2)由聚类分析和判别分析得出艾比湖流域丰水期和枯水期的水质采样点在空间上均被分成A、B两组,A组包括艾比湖湖区东部、古尔图河、河奎屯河和四棵树河,B组包括艾比湖湖区西部、博尔塔拉河、精河。(3)艾比湖流域丰水期和枯水期的水体主要受到COD、DO、NH_3~+-N和SS等指标的影响,B组水质污染指标的值相比于A组的值偏高,B组区域内存在高污染企业,艾比湖流域水环境治理工作需主要集中在B组所包括的艾比湖湖区、博尔塔拉河和精河。(4)2015年和2016年的COD和TN在5个断面上的污染程度整体较为严重。精河断面2016年的COD远远高出Ⅴ类水质标准,属于劣Ⅴ类水,污染较为严重;而博乐、温泉、将军庙和吉勒德断面的2016年的COD均低于2015年的值。2016年的TN值在精河、博乐、温泉和将军庙断面的值均高于2015年,而吉勒德断面的TN值2015年高于2016年。(5)艾比湖湖区、精河和博尔塔拉河地表水体的污染主要来自于有机物污染和营养物质污染,其次为工矿业污染;而奎屯河、古尔图河、四棵树河地表水体的污染物主要受有机污染物的影响,较多的来源于有机物污染,然后受到的营养物质污染源较多的影响,而影响较为微弱的则是生物污染源的的影响。SPARROW模拟结果表明:(1)SPARROW模型的模拟精度R2为0.637,RMSE为0.369,艾比湖流域COD传输过程的环境因子为河网密度、坡度、降雨和土壤渗透率,环境过程为一级河流衰减。(2)艾比湖流域COD水质评价结果,2015年的COD浓度比2014年有所增加,2014年和2015年的各河段COD污染总负荷分布情况基本一致,负荷量较大的区域在精河支流、博河支流和奎屯河支流,2015年与2014年的负荷量相比偏大,负荷增加量主要分布在博河大部分支流和四棵树河的小部分支流,COD污染负荷量较大的区域在精河支流、博河支流和奎屯河支流,负荷量较低的区域分布在温泉县的博河上游。(3)2014年各类污染源的负荷占COD负荷的百分比分别为:工业污染源27.9%,农业污染源54.0%,生活污染源17.5%。2015年各类污染源的负荷占COD负荷的百分比分别为:工业污染源27.8%,农业污染源52.3%,生活污染源19.6%。2015年各类污染源的负荷占TN负荷的百分比分别为:工业污染源23.9%,生活污染源48.9%,农业污染源26.5%。艾比湖流域主要受农业污染源的影响,博河支流、精河支流、奎屯河支流和甘家湖梭梭林保护区的农业源污染负荷较高,而工业源和生活源污染负荷较高的区域主要在城镇及其周边地区,各子流域的污染源结构和污染负荷具有不同的空间分布特征。本文利用SPARROW模型建立河流上下游传输关系,划分子流域,对各子流域的污染物进行负荷分析,明确治理重点,旨在为干旱半干旱地区的艾比湖流域水质监测和保护提供一定的理论参考和技术支持。
[Abstract]:This paper selects the data of surface water quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin in 2014~2016, first use the statistical methods to evaluation of the global basin water pollution situation, including the use of hierarchical clustering analysis, discriminant analysis analysis of the surface water pollution in Ebinur Lake watershed method and factor analysis method, and the temporal and spatial combination of water pollution identification the index and the contaminated area. Based on the analysis of water quality factors combined with temporal spatial and temporal variation characteristics, using principal component regression analysis of pollution sources on the main pollution factors of water quality in Ebinur Lake basin analysis, and then use the SPARROW model focus on watershed pollution index of each river section (COD and TN) to assess the water quality, and compared with the the results of multivariate statistical methods. SPARROW model for pollution load simulation of surface water quality in the Ebinur Lake Basin Based on different sources of pollution in the river The pollution load distribution and sub basin in the analysis of all kinds of pollution sources of qualitative and quantitative effects on water quality and water pollution source. Two methods to assess the surface water pollution in the Ebinur Lake Basin overall situation from time, space, pollution source analysis and River Sub basin of water and provide technical support for basin surface water pollution control. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that: (1) the pollution of surface water in May in the Ebinur Lake Basin is more serious than in October, while the Ebinur Lake, Bortala River, Jinghe river pollution near the lake are Abby is more serious than the other river (2) by the cluster. Analysis and discriminant analysis of Ebinur Lake Basin in wet and dry seasons the water sampling point in space were divided into A, B two groups, A group including the eastern part of Ebinur Lake, guertu river river, Kuitun River and the four tree river, B group Including the Ebinur Lake area west of Bortala River, Jinghe. (3) the Ebinur Lake Basin flood season and dry season water mainly by COD, DO, NH_3~+-N and SS impact index, B group of water pollution index values compared to the A group of B group of high value area of memory in high polluting enterprises, work water environment in Ebinur Lake Basin mainly concentrated in the B group including the Ebinur Lake area, Bortala River and Jinghe. (4) the degree of pollution in the 5 section of the 2015 and 2016 COD and TN overall is more serious. A section of Jinghe's COD in 2016 is much higher than that of grade V standard, which belongs to the inferior class water pollution is more serious; and bole, hot springs, and the temple of general Guilleard section COD in 2016 were lower than the value in 2015.2016 years TN in Jinghe, bole, hot springs and jiangjunmiao section were higher than in 2015, and the Guilleard section of the TN value in 2015 than in 2016. (5) Ebinur Lake District, Jinghe and the Bortala river water pollution mainly comes from organic pollution and nutrient pollution, followed by mining and industrial pollution; and the Kuitun River, guertu River, four river water pollutant tree is mainly affected by the organic pollutants, more from organic pollution, then the effect of nutrition the material sources of pollution more, but relatively weak effect is the biological pollution source affecting the.SPARROW simulation results show that: (1) the simulation accuracy of R2 SPARROW model is 0.637, RMSE is 0.369, the environmental factors of COD transmission process in the Ebinur Lake Basin for drainage density, slope, rainfall and soil permeability, environmental process the river level attenuation. (2) the evaluation results of Ebinur Lake Basin water quality COD, COD concentration in 2015 increased compared to 2014, each section of the COD pollution load distribution in 2014 and 2015 a large area, load In the domain of a tributary of the Jinghe River tributary, Bo and tributaries of Kuitun River in 2015 and 2014, the load is bigger than that of load increase is mainly distributed in the Bo River tributaries and most of the four trees a small portion of the COD River tributaries, the pollution load large area in the Jinghe tributary, Bo River tributaries and Kuitun River tributary, load the lower the regional distribution in Hot Springs County Bo river. (3) load in 2014 all kinds of pollution sources accounted for the percentage of COD load were: 27.9% industrial pollution sources, agricultural sources of pollution 54%, domestic pollution source 17.5%.2015 of various types of pollution load accounted for COD load percentage were 27.8% industrial pollution sources. Agricultural pollution 52.3%, domestic pollution source 19.6%.2015 of various types of pollution load percentage of TN load were: 23.9% industrial pollution sources, domestic pollution sources 48.9%, agricultural sources of 26.5%. in the Ebinur Lake Basin is mainly affected by agricultural pollution sources Bo, a tributary of the river, a tributary of Jinghe, agricultural non-point source pollution load is high and the Kuitun River tributary Ganjiahu sacsaoul forest reserve, and industrial and domestic sources of high pollution load areas mainly in the town and surrounding areas, pollution sources and pollution load of each sub basin has different spatial distribution characteristics. This paper uses SPARROW to establish the model of river downstream transmission, sub basins, load analysis of pollutants in each sub basin, clear the focus of governance, in order to provide certain theoretical reference and technical support for water quality monitoring and protection of the Ebinur Lake Basin in arid and semi-arid areas.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X824

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