东阿拉善—西鄂尔多斯九种荒漠植物重金属分布特征

发布时间：2018-01-05 07:04

本文关键词：东阿拉善—西鄂尔多斯九种荒漠植物重金属分布特征　出处：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近三十年来东阿拉善-西鄂尔多斯地区煤炭、冶金、焦化和化工工业的迅猛发展致使该区域的重金属污染日趋严重。为了廓清该区域土壤-植物系统重金属分布特征,对其九种荒漠植物四合木(Tetraenamongolica Maxim)、半日花(Helianthemum soongaricum Schrenk)、革苞菊(Tugarinovia mongolica Iljin)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus(Maxim.)Chengf)、霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon Bunge)、绵刺(Potaninia mongolica Maxim)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.)Bunge)和长叶红砂(Reaumuria trigyna Maxim)的根际周围土壤和器官中的10种重金属(Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Se、Hg)含量、根际周围土壤重金属形态进行了测定,分析了植物各部位重金属含量特征、根际周围土壤重金属形态特征、土壤重金属污染特征、植物对重金属的富集特征,研究结果表明:(1)九种荒漠植物富集重金属的种类与特征不尽相同。其中孑遗植物四合木具有超富集Hg元素的特征,半日花具有超富集Cr元素的特征,白刺具有超富集Cu、Zn、Cd、As元素的特征,沙冬青具有超富集Ni、As元素的特征,霸王具有超富集Zn元素的特征,绵刺具有超富集Cr、Cu元素的特征,梭梭具有超富集Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn元素的特征,长叶红砂具有超富集Cr元素的特征。(2)九种植物根际周围土壤Cr的有效态以可交换态为主,Cu、Mn、Pb的以Fe-Mn结合氧化态、有机物结合态为主,Ni的以可交换态、Fe-Mn结合氧化态、有机物结合态为主,Zn的以碳酸盐结合态、Fe-Mn结合氧化态、有机物结合态为主,As、Hg元素的有效态含量差异不大。(3)夏秋两季九种荒漠植物根际周围土壤10种重金属元素的含量只有Ni元素的实测含量均未超过内蒙古土壤环境元素背景值;各个种群夏秋两季根际周围土壤中Cd元素的潜在生态风险程度都较其他元素的严重,各种群Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg元素总的潜在生态风险程度夏季以海南种群四合木根际周围土壤最为严重,秋季以石嘴山半日花根际周围土壤最为严重。(4)夏季四合木根际周围土壤中Zn元素的含量与根中以及地上部分Zn元素的含量显著相关;秋季四合木根际周围土壤中Cr元素的含量与根中Cr元素的含量显著相关。(5)植物不同器官中含量最高的元素以Zn、Mn、Cr为主且同种元素一般是叶中含量最高。研究结果以期为我国荒漠生态系统重金属污染防治和生物多样性保护提供基础资料与案例借鉴。
[Abstract]:In recent thirty years, the East Alashan west area Erdos coal, metallurgy, coking and chemical industry rapid development in the area of heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious. In order to clarify the regional distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil plant system, the nine desert plants four wood (Tetraenamongolica Maxim), Helianthemum ordosicum (Helianthemum soongaricum Schrenk). Tugarinovia mongolica (Tugarinovia mongolica Iljin), white thorn (Nitraria tangutorum Bobr), Ammopiptanthusmongolicus (Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Chengf (Sarcozygium xanthoxylon Bunge), King (Potaninia mongolica), potaniniamongolicamaxim (Haloxylon Maxim), Soso ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge) and reaumuriatrigynamaxim (Reaumuria trigyna Maxim) 10 heavy metals in soil and the surrounding organs in the rhizosphere (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Se, Hg) content, the forms of heavy metals in soil around the rhizosphere were determined, analyzed each part of the plant A heavy metal content of heavy metals in the soil around the rhizosphere characteristics, morphological characteristics, characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution, heavy metal enrichment of plants, the results show that: (1) the types and characteristics of nine kinds of desert plants to accumulate heavy metals are not the same. There are four wood relict plant with super Hg enrichment, h.songaricum features super Cr enrichment, white thorn with super Zn, Cd, Cu enrichment, characteristics of As, Ammopiptanthusmongolicus with ultra concentrated Ni, characteristics of As, characteristics of Zn enrichment with super overlord, potaniniamongolicamaxim with ultra concentrated Cr, characteristics of Cu, with the enrichment of Cu Mn ammodendron, Pb. The characteristics of Zn, elements, features Ye Hongsha with super Cr enrichment. (2) the available Cr in the soil around the rhizosphere of nine plant species in exchangeable form, Cu, Mn, Pb, Fe-Mn combined with oxidation state and organic bound, Ni in the exchangeable state, Fe-Mn combined with oxidation State, bound to organic matter, Zn in carbonates, Fe-Mn combined with oxidation state, bound to organic matter, As, difference between the content of available Hg elements. (3) the actual content of only Ni elements in the summer two season of nine desert species in rhizosphere soil of 10 kinds of heavy metal elements were no more than the Inner Mongolia soil environmental background values of elements; the degree of potential ecological risks in the summer two season as all species in the soil around the Cd elements than all other elements, a variety of groups Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg elements of potential ecological risk degree in summer in Hainan Cheng total population four root when the surrounding soil is most serious, autumn in Shizuishan h.songaricum rhizosphere soil around the most serious. (4) correlated significantly and the content of the root Zn element in soil around summer four at the root and aboveground Zn elements; autumn four as root in soil around Cr The content of Cr were significantly correlated with root elements. The elements of plant (5) content in different organs of the highest in Zn, Mn, Cr and the same element is generally the highest content in leaf. The results of the study for desert ecosystem in China heavy metal pollution prevention and protection of biodiversity and to provide basic data the case for reference.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X173

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