我国环境民事公益诉讼制度的完善

发布时间：2018-01-09 10:03

本文关键词：我国环境民事公益诉讼制度的完善　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来我国经济快速增长,工业化、城市化的进程越来越快,高耗能、高排放、高污染的粗放式经济发展模式使得水源、土地、大气遭受严重污染。在人们生活水平提高的同时,也给国民的生活环境带来了巨大的污染和破坏,诸如耳熟能详的"青岛输油管道爆炸"、"松花江水污染事件"等,这些恶性事件给人们身体健康和自然资源带来了严重危害。现代人不仅局限于物质生活的丰富,更追求健康和安全的生活环境。但是,当人们想针对损害公共环境利益的行为进行维权时,现有的制度无法满足相应的需求。因此,建立健全环境公益诉讼制度的必要性便凸现出来。美国为应对本土环境污染,很早便设立了一种新型的诉讼制度,允许与环境侵害案件无直接利害关系的公民或社会团体为了维护公共环境权益向法院提起诉讼,也就是环境公益诉讼。在我国,人们的环保意识和维权意识逐年增强,通过法律手段维护环境权的案例也越来越多。我国在上世纪90年代就引入了公益诉讼的概念,更是在2012年修订的《民事诉讼法》中正式写入公益诉讼,其中就包括环保公益诉讼。2014年新修订的《环境保护法》在前者的基础上又明确了公益诉讼的主体有检察院和环保组织。环境公益诉讼问题越来越得到专家学者和有识之士的关心及努力,通过《环境保护法》《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》司法解释等一系列法规的修订,使得我国环境公益诉讼制度逐步完善,相关理论愈发成熟,法律依据日渐全面。但环境公益诉讼在我国起步较晚,并且受到我国的经济发展现状、公民维权意识、司法资源配置等诸多因素影响,使得环境公益诉讼法律法规配套不完整、执行不彻底,存在着起诉条件过严、相关机制的衔接不明等诸多缺陷,面临着合理性、系统性和可行性等许多问题。本文围绕我国目前环境民事公益诉讼的现状,尤其是2015年一系列环境公益诉讼相关法律法规颁布实施后的情况,结合近几年部分典型环境公益诉讼案例,对我国环境民事公益诉讼制度进行讨论。在研究其概念和特征之后,从我国环境民事公益诉讼举证、费用、执行等方面不足之处,提出完善环境民事公益诉讼的建议,使诉讼制度更加科学合理。
[Abstract]:China's rapid economic growth in recent years, the process of industrialization, the city more and more quickly, high energy consumption, high emission, extensive economic development model of high pollution makes the water, land, atmosphere suffer from serious pollution. In the improvement of people's living standard at the same time, but also to people's living environment has brought great pollution and destruction. Such as "for having heard it many times Qingdao oil pipeline explosion", "Songhua River pollution incident", these incidents brought serious harm to the health of the people and the natural resources. Modern people are not confined to the rich material life, the pursuit of a more healthy and safe living environment. However, when people want to damage the interests of the public environment for adults, the existing system can not meet the corresponding demand. Therefore, the necessity of establishing a sound system of environmental public interest litigation has emerged. The response to the soil environmental pollution, very early The establishment of a new litigation system, allowing no direct interest in environmental infringement cases of citizens or social groups in order to safeguard the public environmental rights and interests to the courts, is the environmental public interest litigation. In our country, people's environmental awareness and rights is increasing year by year, through legal means to safeguard the environmental rights of more and more cases our country introduced the concept of public interest litigation in the last century in 90s, it is written into the public interest litigation in the civil procedure law "revised in 2012" officially, including the subject of environmental law on protecting environmental public interest litigation in the newly revised ".2014 and clear public interest litigation on the basis of the former procuratorate and environmental protection organization. The problem of environmental public interest litigation has been more and more concern and efforts of experts and a person with breadth of vision, through the" environmental protection law "" People's Republic of China Civil Procedure Law > judicial interpretation Revised a series of laws and regulations, the environmental public interest litigation system in our country is gradually perfect, relevant theories increasingly mature, increasingly comprehensive. But the legal basis of environmental public interest litigation in China started late, and by the current situation of China's economic development, civil rights consciousness, the judicial effect of the allocation of resources and other factors, makes the laws and regulations of environmental public interest litigation supporting not complete, implementation is not complete, there are strict conditions for prosecution, convergence mechanism is unknown and many other defects, facing the rationality and feasibility of the system. This paper focuses on the status of many of the problems of China's current environmental civil litigation, especially in 2015 a series of environmental public interest litigation related laws and regulations promulgated after the implementation of in recent years, combined with some typical cases of environmental public interest litigation, the system of environmental civil public interest litigation in China is discussed. After studying the concept and characteristics, from my The inadequacies of the proof, cost and execution of civil public interest litigation in the state environment, and suggestions for improving the civil public interest litigation of the environment have been put forward to make the litigation system more scientific and reasonable.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68;D925.1

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