贵州省土地利用的碳补偿研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 23:09

本文关键词：贵州省土地利用的碳补偿研究　出处：《贵州师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地利用变化对气候变化有着深远的影响,土地利用碳排放及碳减排日益成全球气候变化研究的热点和难点问题;因不同土地利用方式产生的碳排放与碳吸收差异较大,碳汇区付出了较多的保护成本,牺牲了一定的经济利益和发展机会,为了实现区域内部的公平发展,对碳汇主体或者生态保护者给予一定的经济补偿,有利于从低碳层面推动区域协调可持续发展。以贵州省为研究区域,根据“贵州省十年生态”TM遥感影像,提取2000~2010年贵州省的省级、市级及县级的土地利用数据,利用转移矩阵和动态度分析对贵州省的土地利用变化进行研究,并在此基础上借助直接和间接碳排放系数法,对贵州省县域空间上的土地利用碳排放量进行研究,为实现区域公平,尝试将土地利用碳排放量作为碳补偿的依据,并采用碳补偿模型对贵州省县域空间上的土地利用的碳补偿的价值进行初步测算,研究结果表明:(1)2000~2010年间,在全省的土地利用结构变化中,建设用地面积变化最为显著,增加了474.17 km2,年均增速为1.8%,且在各地类动态变化度中居于首位,变化最为激烈。耕地的面积减少了6214.32 km2,主要转化为草地和林地。林地面积和草地面积均增加,分别为3816.48 km2和1700.11 km2。各地州市中,耕地面积最大的为毕节地区,9262.51km2,最小的为贵阳,8043.13km2。建设用地增加速度最快的是贵阳市,从192.47km2增加到了395.00km2,建设用地年均增速为1.8%,林地面积增加最多的为毕节地区,1148.67 km2。(2)2000~2010年贵州的碳排放量明显呈现上升趋势,增加了4824.2万t,增幅达3.4倍。2000~2010年贵州省的碳吸收量是不断增加的,由544.93万t增加到556.95万t。但碳吸收的增长远远不能抵消碳排放的增长。贵州省的净碳排放量在2000~2010年增加了4824.2×104吨,净碳排放量的增加主要来源于碳排放量的增加,归根结底来是由于建设用地面积不断的扩大,人类在建设用地上所消耗的能源增加所导致的。(3)对贵州省县域空间上的净碳排放量进行分析,发现贵州省县域空间的净碳排放量最高的在在盘县,998.89万t,最低的为从江县,-10.40万t,区域间的碳排放量存在着明显的差异。县域空间净碳排放的全局Moran's I值为0.154,该地区的净碳排放量的空间分布具有一定的正相关性,但相关性不显著。(4)从县域空间的碳吸收量来看,贵州省县域碳吸收量较高的地区位于东南部和西北部,这些区域大多为山区,经济落后,工业化程度较低,生态用地面积较高,土地开发程度与利用水平较低,经济以农业或旅游业为主。而碳吸收强度在空间上呈现从西北至东南增加的趋势,最高的位于黔东南州的从江县,总体来看,林地面积较高,绿化覆盖度较高,GDP较低的区域其积碳吸强度较高。碳补偿率较高的区域主要位于东南和东北地区,整体自东向西减少,与土地利用程度形成两极分化。(5)贵州省碳补偿价值差异明显,碳补偿机制可有效在不同地区间形成财富二次分配,促进资源价值量化,区域协同发展。其中,需要支付资金最高的为云岩区,从江县和麻江县获得较多的补偿资金,根据碳补偿的金额大小,划分为重点支付区、相对均衡区、重点获补区。从净碳排放量、净碳排放强度和碳补偿价值关系来看,净碳排放量和净碳排放强度较大的地区多为重点支付区,净碳排放量为负值或净碳排放强度较小的地区通常获得补偿资金;
[Abstract]:Land use change has a profound impact on climate change, land use and carbon emissions and carbon emission reduction has become a hot and difficult problem in the study of global climate change; carbon emission and carbon produced by different land use patterns of absorption difference, carbon sequestration area pays the cost of protection more, at the expense of economic benefits and some opportunities in order to realize the development of regional equity, internal and give some financial compensation for carbon sequestration body or ecological protector, benefit from the low carbon level to promote regional sustainable development. Taking Guizhou Province as the study area, according to the "ten years of Guizhou Province ecological TM remote sensing image, extraction of 2000~2010 in Guizhou Province, the provincial, municipal and county level land use data, using matrix and dynamic analysis of land use change in Guizhou province were studied, and on this basis, by means of direct and indirect carbon emissions. The number of land use, carbon emissions space of the county of Guizhou Province, to achieve regional equity, try to land use and carbon emissions as a carbon basis for compensation and preliminary estimates of land use carbon compensation space at county level in Guizhou Province on the value of the carbon compensation model, the results show that: (1) during 2000~2010, changes in land use structure in the province, construction land area of the most significant changes, an increase of 474.17 km2, the average annual growth rate of 1.8%, and in the dynamic change degree in the first place, the change is most intense. The cultivated land area decreased by 6214.32 km2, mainly transformed to grassland and woodland. Woodland and grassland area increased, respectively 3816.48 km2 and 1700.11 km2. around the city, the largest area of cultivated land in Bijie, 9262.51km2, the smallest for the Guiyang 8043.13km2., the increase of construction land is the fastest Guiyang City, increased from 192.47km2 to 395.00km2, with an average annual growth rate of 1.8% for the construction, the forest area increased most for Bijie area, 1148.67 km2. (2 2000~2010) carbon emissions in Guizhou increased significantly, an increase of 48 million 242 thousand T, an increase of 3.4 times.2000~2010 years in Guizhou province is increasing the amount of carbon absorption the increased from 5 million 449 thousand and 300 t to 5 million 569 thousand and 500 T., but the carbon absorption growth is far from offsetting carbon emissions growth. Net carbon emissions in Guizhou province in 2000~2010 year increase of 4824.2 * 104 tons, an increase in net carbon emissions increase mainly from carbon emissions, after all is to continue to expand the area for the construction of the humans, resulting in an increase in construction land on the consumption of energy. (3) the net carbon emissions in Guizhou Province on the space of the county were analyzed, found in the county of Guizhou province space net carbon emissions highest in Panxian, 9 988 thousand and 900 t, the lowest for Congjiang County, -10.40 million T, there are significant differences in carbon emissions between regions. The global Moran's County space net carbon emissions I value is 0.154, the net carbon emissions of the region's spatial distribution has a positive correlation, but the correlation is not significant. (4) absorption from the space of the carbon content, carbon uptake in the county of Guizhou province high area is located in the southeast and northwest, these areas are mostly in mountainous areas, economic backwardness, the low level of industrialization, the ecological land area is higher, the degree of land development and utilization level is low, the economy dominated by agriculture and tourism. And the carbon absorption intensity showing an increasing trend from northwest to Southeast in the space, the highest in Qiandongnan, Congjiang County, overall, forest area is higher, the green coverage is high, GDP low carbon high strength area of the suction. Carbon offsets a higher rate of area Be located in the southeast and northeast regions, the overall decrease from east to west, the formation of polarization and the degree of land use. (5) Guizhou Province carbon compensation value is significantly different, the carbon compensation mechanism can effectively form the two distribution of wealth among different regions, promote resource value to evaluate the regional coordinated development. Among them, the need to pay money for the highest. District, Congjiang County and Majiang county to obtain compensation funds more, according to the carbon compensation amount, payment is divided as the focus area, the relative balance of key area, being up. From the net carbon emissions, net carbon emission intensity and carbon compensation value, net carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of the larger net pay as the focus area, the net carbon emissions is negative or net carbon emission intensity of small areas usually obtain compensation funds;

【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2;X24

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