淡水湖泊生态系统退化驱动因子及修复技术研究进展

发布时间：2018-01-10 00:01

本文关键词：淡水湖泊生态系统退化驱动因子及修复技术研究进展　出处：《生态学报》2017年18期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目前我国多数淡水湖泊污染、退化问题非常严重,诸多修复技术也已初见成效。影响淡水湖泊生态系统退化的驱动因子众多,既有生物因素也有非生物因素,它们之间相互联系,相互作用,且作用机理错综复杂。首先介绍了淡水湖泊生态系统退化的含义及形式;其次,分析、总结了淡水湖泊生态系统退化的驱动因子,从退化的生态学完整性意义和退化修复的技术手段上看,淡水湖泊生态系统主要受物理、化学和生物三大驱动因子影响,且基本遵循"环境变化-驱动力-压力(阈值)-状态-响应"原理;再次,在厘清湖泊生态系统退化驱动原理的基础上,从淡水湖泊生态系统功能模块和湖泊生态系统修复实践经验总结的角度出发,构建了淡水湖泊生态系统修复模块技术体系,并就湖泊富营养化和湖滨湿地生态系统退化修复的技术进行了讨论和对比;最后,对淡水湖泊生态系统修复的环境变化驱动因子的作用机制、作用途径和修复技术的长效机制等方面进行了展望。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the freshwater lakes in China are polluted, the degradation problem is very serious, and many remediation techniques have been achieved. There are many driving factors that affect the degradation of freshwater lake ecosystem, both biological and abiotic factors. They are interrelated and interact with each other, and the mechanism is complicated. Firstly, the meaning and form of the degradation of freshwater lake ecosystem are introduced. Secondly, the driving factors of the degradation of freshwater lake ecosystem are analyzed and summarized. From the point of view of the ecological integrity of degradation and the technical means of restoration, the freshwater lake ecosystem is mainly affected by physics. Chemical and biological three driving factors influence, and basically follow the principle of "environmental change-driving force-pressure (threshold value-state-response"); Thirdly, on the basis of clarifying the driving principle of lake ecosystem degradation, from the perspective of freshwater lake ecosystem function module and lake ecosystem restoration practice experience summary. The module technology system of freshwater lake ecosystem restoration was constructed, and the techniques of lake eutrophication and restoration of lakeside wetland ecosystem degradation were discussed and compared. Finally, the mechanism of the environmental change driving factor, the mechanism of action and the long-term mechanism of remediation technology of freshwater lake ecosystem are prospected.
【作者单位】：江西农业大学生态科学研究中心;江西农业大学理学院;江西科技学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B14) 江西省教育厅青年基金项目(JJ1412)
【分类号】：X171.4;X524
【正文快照】： 我国是世界上湖泊较多的国家之一,面积在1km2以上的湖泊有2759个,其中约有1/3是淡水湖泊,面积在10km2以上的淡水湖泊有63%分布在长江中下游地区,该地区淡水湖泊具有面积大、湖滨带宽、水浅、换水周期短及人类经济社会活动干扰强度大等特点[1-2]。20世纪50年代初,鄱阳湖、洪湖

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