空气污染、空间外溢与公共健康——以中国珠江三角洲9个城市为例

发布时间：2018-01-11 01:21

本文关键词：空气污染、空间外溢与公共健康——以中国珠江三角洲9个城市为例　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：空气污染对居民公共健康的影响,引起了人们高度的关注。但大多数学者研究从样本的独立性出发且不考虑内生性问题,忽视区域之间空间相关性,所得结论和政策建议需谨慎对待。为了弥补上述不足,本文基于Grossman中国宏观健康生产函数,选取2001—2014年中国广东省珠江三角洲9个城市作为样本,选择以PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)作为空气污染的代理指标,在充分考虑空间效应和严格假设检验的基础上选择合适的空间计量经济学模型,对此进行实证研究。主要研究结果显示:空气污染对居民的公共健康带来了负面影响,即PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)每增加1%,导致哮喘疾病和内科门诊等疾病人数不断上升,且影响都比较大,尤其是对哮喘疾病的影响分别为0.2236%和0.2272%。经济增长对公共健康均有显著的促进作用,影响最大;其它财政医疗支出、卫生技术人员和人口密度等要素对居民公共健康的影响较小。由于空气污染的负外部性,研究还发现,区域之间空气污染的"溢出效应"对领域居民公共健康存在显著的影响,说明忽视空间自相关性的存在,会使得空气污染对公众健康的估计产生偏差。从长期看,空气污染对本地居民公共健康的直接效应都显著为正,PM_(2.5)间接效应显著为负,但PM_(10)间接效应并不显著。因此,各级政府除了在源头上治理污染物的排放,提高公共健康水平外,还应该打破各自为阵的行政垄断,应该作为一个整体,实现跨区域环保合作,共同治理和制定公共卫生政策等。这对区域之间协同减排和保护居民公共健康具有重要的理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:The impact of air pollution on the public health of residents has aroused great concern, but most of the scholars study from the independence of the sample and do not consider the endogenous problem, ignoring the spatial correlation between the regions. Conclusions and policy recommendations need to be treated with caution. In order to make up for the above deficiencies, this paper based on the Grossman macro health production function in China. From 2001 to 2014, 9 cities in Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province of China were selected as samples, and PMCs 10) and 2.5) were chosen as proxy indicators of air pollution. On the basis of fully considering the spatial effect and strict hypothesis test, a suitable spatial econometric model is selected. The main results show that air pollution has a negative impact on the public health of residents, that is, PMSP 10) and PMV 2.5) increase by 1%. As a result, the number of diseases such as asthma and medical outpatient is rising, and the impact is great. In particular, the effects on asthma were 0.2236% and 0.2272, respectively. Economic growth had significant effects on public health, and had the greatest impact on public health. Other factors such as medical expenditure, health technicians and population density have little effect on the public health of residents. Because of the negative externality of air pollution, the study also found. The "spillover effect" of air pollution between regions has a significant impact on the public health of residents in the field, indicating that the existence of spatial autocorrelation is ignored. In the long run, the direct effect of air pollution on public health is significantly positive and negative. However, the indirect effect of PMS10 is not significant. Therefore, governments at all levels should break their respective administrative monopolies in addition to controlling pollutant emissions and improving public health at the source. As a whole, inter-regional environmental protection cooperation, joint governance and public health policy should be realized, which has important theoretical and practical significance for regional cooperative emission reduction and protection of public health.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(武汉)经济管理学院;国土资源部矿产资源战略研究重点实验室;中国地质大学(武汉)资源环境经济研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“中国城市居民生活完全能源消费的测算及影响因素分析”(批准号:71103164) 教育部人文社科基金项目“能源消费对空气污染的公共健康效应研究——基于空间相关性分析”(批准号:15YJC790091) 国家社会科学基金项目“城市群雾霾污染对公共健康影响的空间效应和治理策略研究”(批准号:17BJY063) 国家民委科研项目“民族地区产业生态化发展及路径选择研究”(批准号:14XBZ009)
【分类号】：R12;X51
【正文快照】： 长期以来,我国在经济发展的过程中,更多的关注经济的增长,忽略了环境资源价值,甚至在一定程度上以牺牲环境为代价。而且伴随着工业化和城市化进程不断加速,能源大量集中消耗,导致城市区域大气污染日趋严重,表现为大气能见度严重下降,雾霾锁城事件频繁发生。而愈发严峻的空气污

【相似文献】