降雨和施肥对秦岭北麓俞家河水质的影响

发布时间：2018-01-11 13:10

本文关键词：降雨和施肥对秦岭北麓俞家河水质的影响　出处：《农业环境科学学报》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了探讨小流域内种植业的施肥措施对流域内地面水质的影响机制,选取秦岭北麓的俞家河小流域为研究对象,设置8个覆盖整个流域特征的监测断面,并于该流域主要经济作物猕猴桃的3个典型施肥时期的不同降雨条件下对河流水质进行监测,分析水体中氮、磷和有机污染物含量的时空分布特征以及降雨和施肥对其产生的影响。结果表明:俞家河流域总氮浓度的变化范围是4.53~11.45 mg·L~(-1),平均值为6.51 mg·L~(-1);总磷平均浓度的变化范围是0.004~1.377 mg·L~(-1),平均值为0.312 mg·L~(-1);CODMn浓度的变化范围为0.89~11.23 mg·L~(-1),平均值为3.15 mg·L~(-1)。早春基肥期总氮平均负荷为227.03 g·d-1,流域负荷增加了73.34%;盛夏追肥期总磷平均负荷为11.36 g·d-1,流域负荷增加了117.36%。大雨时期总氮、总磷、COD_(Mn)负荷分别为228.10、9.94、174.53 g·d-1,对应增加的百分比为35.93%、84.31%、69.65%。水体总氮、总磷浓度与降雨密切相关,雨强越大,浓度和负荷增加越显著,雨强是造成该流域氮素流失的主要气象参数。早春基肥期果园施加氮肥是水体总氮的主要来源,盛夏追施肥会增加水体磷素污染风险,早春施肥期大雨后存在较高的COD_(Mn)污染风险,降雨和施肥的叠加效应是导致面源污染发生的主要因素。河流污染负荷较高的区域集中于中部,主要由两岸猕猴桃园施肥引起,居民的生活污染也有一定贡献。
[Abstract]:In order to study the influence mechanism of fertilization measures on surface water quality in small watershed, the Yujiahe small watershed in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains was selected as the research object, and 8 monitoring sections covering the characteristics of the whole basin were set up. The water quality of the river was monitored under different rainfall conditions during the three typical fertilization periods of kiwifruit, the main cash crop in the basin, and the nitrogen in the water was analyzed. The temporal and spatial distribution of phosphorus and organic pollutants and the effects of rainfall and fertilization on them. The results showed that the variation range of total nitrogen concentration in Yujiahe River Basin was 4.53 ~ 11.45 mg 路L ~ (-1) (P < 0.05). -1). The average value was 6.51 mg 路L ~ (-1) ~ (-1); The average concentration of total phosphorus varied from 0.004 ~ 1.377 mg 路L ~ (-1) to 0.312 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1); The range of CODMn concentration was 0.89 ~ 11.23 mg 路L ~ (-1). The average value was 3.15 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The average load of total nitrogen was 227.03 g 路d ~ (-1) in early spring, and the load increased by 73.34 g 路d ~ (-1). The average load of total phosphorus was 11.36 g 路d ~ (-1), and the load of watershed increased by 117.36 g 路d ~ (-1). During heavy rain, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus (COD _ (+)) load were 228.10, respectively. 9.94% ~ 174.53 g 路d ~ (-1), corresponding to an increase of 35.933% and 84.31% ~ 69.65%. The concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus is closely related to rainfall, and the rain intensity is greater. The higher the concentration and load, the more rain intensity is the main meteorological parameter of nitrogen loss in this basin. The nitrogen fertilizer applied in orchard in early spring is the main source of total nitrogen, and topdressing in summer will increase the risk of phosphorus pollution. During the early spring fertilization period, there is a higher risk of CODMAMN pollution after heavy rain. The superposition effect of rainfall and fertilization is the main factor leading to non-point source pollution. The region with high pollution load is concentrated in the middle of the river. Mainly caused by the two-straits kiwifruit orchard fertilization, residents' life pollution has also contributed to a certain extent.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目“秦岭山地农业面源污染防控关键技术研究与示范”(2012BAD15B04)~~
【分类号】：X522
【正文快照】： 秦岭北麓素有“七十二峪”之称,是关中地区最大的水源地与水源涵养地。流域内河流的水质状况直接或间接影响当地及周边城市居民的饮水及身体健康状况。近年来,猕猴桃产业对秦岭北麓的农业经济和农民增收发挥着举足轻重的作用[1]。猕猴桃园过量施用化肥的现象非常严重,平均用量

【相似文献】