生物质炭还原剂的制备及对铜熔渣熔融还原特性的研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 08:06

  本文关键词：生物质炭还原剂的制备及对铜熔渣熔融还原特性的研究　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 生物质炭 铜熔渣 热力学 生物质

【摘要】：随着冶金工业的迅猛发展,铜矿石资源消耗量逐年增加,因此带来了一系列的问题。其中高品位矿石资源消耗殆尽,铜冶炼工业的高能耗、高污染造成的可持续发展与环境保护问题成为了重中之重。因此对铜冶金渣资源的资源化利用的意义重大。现有的铜渣资源再利用技术存在诸如效率低、能耗高、工艺复杂等缺陷,致使经济效益不高、应用不广泛。随着能源和环境问题日益恶化,亟需开发一种节能、环保的铜渣资源化利用新工艺。铜渣中的主要物相以Fe2SiO4和Fe3O4为主。本文在前人研究基础上,提出采用生物质炭还原铜熔渣以提取其有价组分的新工艺。该工艺的特点是节能环保并且经济性好。首先,生物质炭是一种可再生资源,具有清洁、高效的特性。其次,生物质炭制备的原料来自林业加工、农业生产过程的边角废料和废弃物。最后,生物质炭的制备可以与铜冶炼过程的余热利用相结合,利用冶炼过程中的余热,实现炭转化的高效率和高产率,降低了资源损耗。论文首先对铜渣中的有价金属铁还原反应过程进行了热力学分析。通过分析Fe-C-O的平衡相图,分析还原剂添加量、还原温度对反应平衡的影响。得出在熔池熔融条件下,低温有利于FeO还原成Fe。在1300℃时0.5 mol炭能将1 mol Fe3O4添完全还原为FeO。通过分析不同热解条件对其产物—生物质炭的性质影响,发现随着终温的升高生物质炭的热值、固定碳、灰分、碳含量、孔隙结构发达程度、聚合度和石墨化程度都有所提高,而其产率、挥发分、氢和氧含量都有不同程度下降。通过还原实验以及成效率确定了终止温度为500 ℃时的产物—生物质炭最适合做为还原剂还原熔融铜渣。以生物质炭为还原剂,研究直接熔融过程中深度还原铜熔渣中的有价金属的特性。对比分析了生物质炭与煤粉在铜熔渣熔池熔炼还原过程的还原特征,探讨了熔池温度、生物质炭添加量、反应时间等影响因素对熔渣中有价金属铁的价态改变及迁移规律的影响机制。结果表明,生物质炭能够有效替代传统煤质还原剂,实现铜熔渣的深度还原。在生物质炭与铜熔渣的质量比为1.75:100,反应温度为1300℃时,铁的转变与迁移规律为Fe2O3-Fe3O4-FeO-Fe,金属铁的还原率可实现95%以上,铜的还原率达到98%以上,生物质炭的利用率为90%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of metallurgical industry, the consumption of copper ore resources increases year by year, which brings a series of problems. The problems of sustainable development and environmental protection caused by high pollution have become the most important. Therefore, it is of great significance to the utilization of copper metallurgical slag resources. The existing recycling technology of copper slag resources has such as low efficiency. High energy consumption, complex technology and other defects, resulting in low economic benefits, not widely used. With the worsening of energy and environmental problems, it is urgent to develop a kind of energy-saving. The main phases of copper slag are Fe2SiO4 and Fe3O4. A new process of reducing copper slag with biomass carbon to extract its valuable components is proposed. The process is characterized by energy saving and environmental protection and good economy. Firstly, biomass carbon is a renewable resource and clean. Secondly, the raw materials from forestry processing, agricultural production process corner waste and waste. Finally, the preparation of biomass carbon can be combined with copper smelting process of waste heat utilization. The high efficiency and high yield of carbon conversion can be realized by using the residual heat in the smelting process. The reduction process of valuable metal iron in copper slag was analyzed by thermodynamics. By analyzing the equilibrium phase diagram of Fe-C-O, the amount of reducing agent was analyzed. The effect of reduction temperature on the reaction equilibrium. Low temperature is favorable to the reduction of FeO to Fe. 1 mol can be obtained by 0.5 mol carbon at 1300 鈩，

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