滨海城市大气环境中发现多种微塑料及其沉降通量差异

发布时间：2018-01-13 00:10

本文关键词：滨海城市大气环境中发现多种微塑料及其沉降通量差异　出处：《科学通报》2017年33期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：微塑料污染已成为全球高度关注的海陆环境问题.微塑料的大气污染研究在国际上鲜见报道,在中国尚属空白.本文基于大气沉降样品的收集和分析,报道了中国滨海城市大气环境中微塑料的类型、沉降通量及季节性变化的研究成果.分离和鉴定结果表明,采样点大气环境中微塑料有4种形貌类型,即纤维类、碎片类、薄膜类和发泡类,绝大部分为纤维类,占95%;这些微塑料的主要成分为聚酯(纤维类)、聚氯乙烯(纤维类和薄膜类)、聚乙烯(碎片类)和聚苯乙烯(发泡类).在粒径上,春、夏、秋、冬四季均以小于0.5 mm的颗粒为主,占50%以上.大气微塑料沉降通量可达1.46×10~5个/(m~2 a),其中纤维类达1.38×10~5个/(m~2 a);不同类型微塑料的沉降通量变幅在0~6.02×10~2个/(m~2 d),以纤维类的最高.微塑料沉降通量存在季节性差异,春、夏、冬季较高,秋季最低.本研究认为滨海城市大气环境中微塑料可能会通过沉降进入陆海环境,成为海洋和海岸环境中微塑料的重要来源,未来需要加强大气环境微塑料污染特征、沉降规律及生态效应的系统研究.
[Abstract]:Microplastics pollution has become a global concern of marine and land environmental problems. The study of air pollution of microplastics is rarely reported in the world, which is still blank in China. This paper is based on the collection and analysis of atmospheric deposition samples. The types, sedimentation flux and seasonal variation of microplastics in the atmospheric environment of coastal cities in China are reported. The results of separation and identification show that there are four morphologies of microplastics in the atmospheric environment of sampling points. That is, fiber, debris, film and foaming, most of them are fiber, accounting for 95%; The main components of these microplastics are polyester (fibre type), polyvinyl chloride (fiber and film type), polyethylene (debris type) and polystyrene (foaming type). In terms of particle size, spring, summer and autumn. In winter and four seasons, the main size of particles is less than 0. 5mm, accounting for more than 50%. The deposition flux of atmospheric microplastics can reach 1. 46 脳 10 ~ 5 / m ~ 2 a). The fiber type is 1.38 脳 10 ~ 5 / 路m ~ (2) a ~ (-1); The sedimentation fluxes of different types of microplastics varied from 0 to 6.02 脳 10 ~ 2 / m ~ (-2) d ~ (-1), the highest of which was fiber type. The deposition flux of microplastics varied seasonally and was higher in spring, summer and winter. Autumn is the lowest. In this study, it is considered that microplastics in the coastal urban atmosphere may enter the continental and marine environment through sedimentation, and become an important source of microplastics in the marine and coastal environment. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the systematic study on the pollution characteristics, settlement rules and ecological effects of microplastics in the atmospheric environment.
【作者单位】：中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室;中国科学院大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC015) 科技部重点专项(2016YFC1402202)资助
【分类号】：X51
【正文快照】： 近10年来,微塑料污染逐渐成为全球关注的环此,本研究在我国滨海城市烟台,探索性地设置了一境问题.特别在海洋和海岸环境中,水体、土壤、沉个观测点,进行被动采样,收集和分析了大气沉降样积物、生物体内微塑料的类型、丰度、分布、来源及品中微塑料.本文报道了基于该观测点的大

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