不同碳减排政策对内外资企业竞争力的影响比较

发布时间：2018-01-15 15:33

本文关键词：不同碳减排政策对内外资企业竞争力的影响比较　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：一方面,由于我国内外资企业的生产效率和碳排放效率差距较大,不同的碳减排政策势必会对内外资企业的市场竞争力带来不同的影响;另一方面,已有文献大多在完全竞争的框架下对不同减排政策的实施效应进行分析,而事实上我国碳减排政策所覆盖的产业大多是不完全竞争甚至是寡头垄断。由此,我们基于内外资企业存在低碳技术差距这一新的研究视角,通过构建两阶段博弈模型来比较分析相同碳强度减排目标下强制减排、碳税与碳交易等三种减排政策对内外资企业产量、市场份额及其社会总产量的影响,从而有利于我国从妥善处理内外资关系的角度制定更有针对性的减排政策。结果表明:(1)三种减排政策都降低了内资企业的产量和市场份额,且内外资企业低碳技术差距越大时内资企业的市场份额下降越多。(2)强制减排降低了社会总产量,碳税和碳交易同等幅度地减少了社会总产量。(3)最优税率仅仅是减排目标的增函数。(4)市场出清的碳交易价格和碳税税率相等,且其数值仅与减排目标正相关,而与碳排放权的分配无关。(5)碳交易比碳税更有利于"保护"内资企业的市场竞争力。相关政策启示如下:(1)尽快确定普适的碳排放核算标准,核算出各行业内外资企业的低碳技术差距;(2)尽快在全国范围内启动碳交易机制,建立促进缩小内外资企业低碳技术的机制;(3)在碳交易市场条件不成熟的行业可以率先推出碳税政策;(4)政府应该根据内外资企业低碳技术差距来对不同行业采取最适宜的减排政策,而非"一刀切"。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, due to the large gap between the production efficiency and carbon emission efficiency of domestic and foreign enterprises, different carbon emission reduction policies will inevitably bring different impacts on the market competitiveness of domestic and foreign enterprises. On the other hand, most of the existing literatures analyze the effect of different emission reduction policies under the framework of complete competition. In fact, most of the industries covered by China's carbon emission reduction policies are incomplete competition or even oligopoly. Therefore, based on the existence of low-carbon technology gap between domestic and foreign enterprises, we have a new research perspective. By constructing a two-stage game model, this paper compares and analyzes the effects of three emission reduction policies, such as mandatory emission reduction, carbon tax and carbon trading, on domestic and foreign enterprises' output, market share and total social output under the same carbon intensity emission reduction target. The results show that the three emission reduction policies have reduced the output and market share of domestic enterprises. And the larger the low carbon technology gap between domestic and foreign enterprises, the more the market share of domestic enterprises drops. 2) mandatory emission reduction reduces the total social output. Carbon tax and carbon trading reduce the total social output by the same extent.) the optimal tax rate is only the increase function of the emission reduction target. 4) the carbon trade price and the carbon tax rate are equal. And its value is only positively related to emission reduction targets. Carbon trading is more conducive to "protecting" the market competitiveness of domestic enterprises than carbon tax. The relevant policy implications are as follows: 1) to establish universal accounting standards for carbon emissions as soon as possible. Calculate the low carbon technology gap of enterprises with foreign capital in various industries; (2) to start up a carbon trading mechanism nationwide as soon as possible and establish a mechanism to promote the reduction of low-carbon technology in domestic and foreign-funded enterprises; In the carbon trading market, industries with immature conditions can take the lead in introducing a carbon tax policy; Governments should adopt the most appropriate emission reduction policies for different industries based on the low carbon technology gap between domestic and foreign companies, rather than "one-size-fits-all".
【作者单位】：暨南大学经济学院;暨南大学资源环境与可持续发展研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“基于强度减排的碳交易机制对产业竞争力影响的理论研究与ECGE模拟”(批准号:71273115) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(暨南远航计划)(批准号:15JNYH010) 广州区域低碳经济研究基地项目
【分类号】：F271;F279.2;X196
【正文快照】： 21世纪以来,关于温室气体控制的呼吁日益强烈,欧盟、美国、日本、澳大利亚、中国等国家纷纷提出自己的减排承诺。中国政府先后对全球宣告了“2020年碳强度比2005年削减40%—45%,2030年碳强度比2005年降低60%—65%,力争在2030年达到碳排放峰值”的减排承诺。众所周知,碳减排政

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