从“应然”到“实然”:海洋生物资源保护的法理分析与规范路径

发布时间：2018-01-16 02:03

本文关键词：从“应然”到“实然”:海洋生物资源保护的法理分析与规范路径　出处：《学术交流》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：当前海洋生物资源保护不论是国际法抑或国内法都在"实然"现状与"应然"理性间存在一定程度的脱节,导致法律实施效果不彰,未能有效遏制海洋生物资源衰退。从法的"实然"现状分析,在国际法规制层面,存在国际规范间重叠冲突、遵守和执行缺乏制度保障、利益协调机制不完善等弊端;在国内法规制层面,存在法律本位异位、规范可操作性差以及政出多门所导致的管理效果不彰等缺陷。海洋生物资源保护的法律规制无论国际法抑或国内法,制度安排均未能有效与资源特性相契合。从法的"应然"特性分析,海洋生物资源保护法所调整的法律关系具有区别于传统法律部门的独特性和复杂性,呈现主体多元、客体多样、利益共享等法律特点,且受生态规律制约,系一种被所决定的法理。因此,科学的海洋生物资源保护法应当在生态整体主义理念指引下,在全球合作的基础上,改变环境与资源法律分立的旧有模式,统筹立法并辅之以总量控制等制度配套,才能有效契合法的"应然"理性,从而化解海洋资源危机,实现人海和谐。
[Abstract]:At present, the protection of marine living resources, whether in international law or domestic law, has a certain degree of disconnection between the status quo of "reality" and "ought to be" rationality, resulting in the implementation of the law effect is not obvious. Failure to effectively contain the decline of marine living resources. From the analysis of the actual status of the law, in the level of international law, there are overlapping conflicts between international norms, and there is a lack of institutional safeguards for compliance and enforcement. The malpractice of interest coordination mechanism is not perfect; In the domestic legal system, there are some defects, such as the heterogeneity of the law standard, the poor operation of the norms and the inefficiency of the management caused by the multiple branches of government. The legal regulation of the protection of marine living resources, whether international law or domestic law. From the analysis of the "ought to be" characteristic of the law, the legal relationship regulated by the law of marine living resources protection has the uniqueness and complexity which is different from the traditional legal department. It presents legal characteristics such as multiple subjects, diverse objects, sharing interests, and is restricted by ecological laws, which is a kind of legal theory determined by. Under the guidance of ecological holism and on the basis of global cooperation, the scientific protection of marine living resources should change the old mode of separation of environment and resources. Only when the legislation is coordinated and supplemented by the total amount control system, can the "ought to be" rational, which can resolve the crisis of marine resources and realize the harmony of the people and the sea.
【作者单位】：山东理工大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年资助项目“生态整体主义视角下渔业权理论及实施机制研究”(12CFX091);国家社科基金青年资助项目“国际海底区域生物资源商业勘探的法律问题研究”(13CFX124)
【分类号】：D912.6
【正文快照】： 随着全球经济一体化进程的深入,海洋生物资源危机恶化态势加剧。当前,海洋生物资源保护无论从国际法抑或国内法层面,法的“实然”现状与“应然”理性呈现相当程度脱节,资源衰退趋势未能得到有效遏制。本文以海洋生物资源法的“实然”与“应然”为切入点,结合法律现状,在制度安

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