欢四联稠油污水处理高效反相破乳剂开发研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 13:35

本文关键词：欢四联稠油污水处理高效反相破乳剂开发研究　出处：《东北石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国大部分稠油油田处在缺水的“三北”地区,且主要生产用水指标与国外先进水平相比还有差距,存在着较大的节水潜力。将稠油污水深度处理回用于热采锅炉,不仅能有效的利用热能、节省宝贵的清水资源,保护生态环境,又能很好的解决目前和将来的生产需求,产生非常可观的经济效益,实现油田企业利益和可持续发展战略。长期以来,由于稠油油气田所处的油藏地质条件、开采工艺和开采年限等不同,导致了稠油污水的水质非常复杂,污水中极易形成O/W型和O/W/O混相型乳状液。一方面采油过程中加入了降粘剂、表面活性剂、解堵剂等化学药剂,采出液在脱水沉降过程中,为了达到脱水的预定指标,又相应加入了破乳剂。另一方面稠油是天然的高粘度、高分子复杂化学物质,多蕴藏在砾岩之中,开采时必然从地层中携带出大量矿物成分。这些矿物和大量的化学药剂残留在污水中使污水成分复杂,水质波动大,乳化严重。目前国内尚没有运行稳定,处理合格,经济合理的回用热采锅炉技术。国内老油田原油含水率逐渐升高,但回用量增加不大,因此老油田含油污水外排量日益增加,达标外排成为这些油田污水处理工程的关键环节,如不尽快研究解决稠油污水处理的问题,将严重制约油田的持续发展。目前应用高效破乳剂来解决稠油污水破乳难的问题是一个非常高效的途径。本论文结合科技攻关项目“稠油污水处理与回用技术集成研究及示范工程,以辽河油田欢四联稠油污水处理示范工程为目标,针对欢四联稠油污水的特点,研究开发出高效稠油污水破乳剂组合体系,并在示范工程现场进行了中试,同时深入研究了高效破乳剂的破乳机理。开发的高效破乳剂将解决目前破乳效果普遍不稳定,加量高,药剂成本高的问题。为辽河油田欢四联稠油污水处理示范工程提供技术支撑,对四大稠油油田污水处理和其他油田的污水处理具有重要意义。本论文的主要内容如下:1、调研国内外近十年的稠油污水破乳剂开发和发展情况。包括稠油污水的普遍特点、稠油污水破乳特点和规律、稠油污水破乳剂国内外发展情况、稠油污水类型鉴别及破乳剂选择、稠油污水破乳剂发展方向。2、调研目前国内外稠油污水回用热采锅炉工艺系统现状。其中包括加拿大冷湖油田、美国圣阿多油田、美国吉利油田;国外稠油污水处理工艺分析,国外稠油污水处理面临的主要问题;国内辽河欢四联、胜利稠油污水处理工艺;欢四联稠油污水处理示范工程中稠油污水处理特点和处理工艺。3、通过调研认为,阳离子聚合物破乳剂是目前开发最高效的破乳剂之一,本文采用环氧氯丙烷,二甲胺和乙二胺三元共聚的方式合成。通过正交实验方法确定合成最佳路线,并进一步分析温度,反应时间,环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺摩尔比,以及乙二胺的用量对阳离子破乳剂粘度和阳离子度的影响。分析不同交联剂:乙二胺、乙醇胺、正丁胺、氨水的交联作用。并对破乳剂的破乳效果、结构进行了分析和表征。4、辽河欢四联稠油污水破乳剂开发研究。主要包括:(1)欢四联污水水质特性、水质技术指标及其危害。(2)稠油污水破乳剂的筛选。收集目前稠油污水处理系统应用最广泛的破乳剂二十多种,结合本实验合成的破乳剂,对欢四联稠油污水联合站的污水进行破乳处理。(3)高效破乳剂组合体系。将筛选出的单剂进行高效组合。(4)影响破乳效果的因素,如温度,pH,搅拌强度,搅拌时间。5、高效破乳剂与絮凝剂优化组合。高效破乳剂与无机絮凝剂的优化组合、高效破乳剂与无机—有机絮凝剂的优化组合。6、破乳剂破乳机理和方法;(1)物理破乳方法及机理;包括重力沉降破乳、离心破乳、加热破乳、研磨破乳、润湿聚结破乳、电破乳;(2)破乳剂化学破乳方法及机理;(3)无机高分子破乳机理;(4)有机高分子破乳机理;(5)阳离子高分子破乳剂压缩双电层、击破界面膜、破乳-絮凝机理的实验验证。7、欢四联稠油污水高效破乳剂破乳—絮凝现场中试。包括试验装置及过程,现场试验基本情况,高效破乳剂体系、高效破乳—絮凝剂体系现场试验运行情况。
[Abstract]:Most of heavy oil field of our country water shortage in the three north region, and the main production index and water gap compared with foreign advanced level, there is a great water-saving potential. The processing of heavy oil sewage reuse for thermal recovery boiler, heat utilization can not only effectively, saving valuable water resources, protect the ecological environment, and can solve good at present and future production requirements, generate very substantial economic benefits, to achieve oil interests of enterprises and the strategy of sustainable development. For a long time, because the reservoir geological conditions of oil and gas fields of the heavy oil, mining and mining period is different, leading water heavy oil wastewater is very complex, very easy to form O/W in wastewater O/W/O type and mixed phase emulsion. On the one hand the production process into a thinner, surface active agent, plugging agent and other chemical agents, dehydration of produced liquid in the process of settlement, in order to achieve A predetermined index of dehydration, and the corresponding adding demulsifier. On the other hand the high viscosity heavy oil is natural, complex chemical polymer, more hidden in the conglomerate, mining from the formation must carry out a large number of minerals. These minerals and a large number of chemical residues in the waste water in the sewage component is complex and the variation of water quality at present, there is no serious emulsification. Stable operation, processing of qualified, economical and reasonable to heat recovery boiler technology. The old moisture content of crude oil increased gradually, but the recycling dosage increased little, so the old oilfield oily water discharge increasing, emission standards become a key link in the oilfield sewage treatment project, such as not as soon as possible to solve the problem of heavy oil sewage treatment, will seriously restrict the sustainable development of oilfields. The application of High Efficient Demulsifier demulsification of heavy oil sewage to solve the difficult problem is a very efficient The way. This paper combines science and technology project "Research on technology integration and demonstration project and heavy oil sewage treatment in Liaohe Oilfield Huansilian heavy oil sewage treatment demonstration projects, according to the characteristics of Huansilian heavy oil wastewater, the research and development of a high efficiency heavy oil sewage demulsifier combination system, and conducted a pilot demonstration project in the field at the same time, the Demulsification Mechanism of demulsifier was studied. High Efficient Demulsifier development will solve the demulsification effect is generally stable, high dosage of medicament, the problem of high cost. Provide technical support for Liaohe Oilfield Huansilian heavy oil sewage treatment demonstration project, has important significance for sewage treatment sewage treatment and other four heavy oil field oil. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1, research at home and abroad for nearly ten years of heavy oil sewage breaking development development and common features including emulsion. The heavy oil wastewater, Breaking rules and characteristics of heavy oil sewage, heavy oil wastewater breaking development of emulsion at home and abroad, and demulsifier type identification of heavy oil wastewater, heavy oil sewage demulsifier development direction of.2, the research at home and abroad back to the status of heavy oil wastewater process system with thermal recovery boiler. Including Canada Cold Lake, the San Ardo oil, the United States Geely oilfield; the analysis of foreign heavy oil wastewater treatment process, the main problem facing the foreign heavy oil wastewater treatment; Liaohe Huansilian, Shengli heavy oil sewage treatment technology; Huansilian heavy oil sewage treatment demonstration project in heavy oil and water treatment characteristics and treatment process of.3, through the research that the cationic polymer demulsifier is currently one of the most efficient development of demulsifier, this paper by using epichlorohydrin, dimethylamine and ethylenediamine synthesis of two three yuan. The copolymerization way to determine the optimal route of synthesis by orthogonal experiment method, and further Analysis of temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine two, and ethylenediamine amount on the emulsion viscosity and cationic breaking effect of cationic degree. Analysis of different crosslinking agent: ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, n-butylamine, cross-linking and ammonia. Demulsification effect of demulsifier, structure analysis and characterization of.4. Huansilian Liaohe heavy oil sewage demulsifier development. Research mainly includes: (1) Huansilian sewage water quality, water quality index and its harm. (2) screening of heavy oil sewage demulsifier. Collect the heavy oil sewage treatment system, the most widely used more than 20 kinds of demulsifier, combined with the experimental synthesis of demulsifier for Huansilian. Heavy oil sewage sewage treatment station (3). The demulsification of High Efficient Demulsifier combination system. The selected single agent for efficient portfolio. (4) factors influence the demulsification effect such as temperature, pH, stirring intensity, stirring time of.5, High efficient demulsifier and flocculant combinatorial optimization. Optimization of High Efficient Demulsifier with inorganic flocculants, organic flocculants, the optimal combination of.6 demulsifier and inorganic, emulsion breaking mechanism and methods; (1) and the mechanism of physical demulsification method; including gravity demulsification, centrifugal demulsification, heating demulsification, grinding demulsion, wetting poly node demulsification, electric demulsification; (2) demulsifier demulsification method and mechanism; (3) the Demulsification Mechanism of inorganic polymer; (4) organic polymer Demulsification Mechanism; (5) cationic polymer emulsion double layer compression, break film, experimental verification of.7 demulsification flocculation mechanism, Huansilian heavy oil sewage, broken emulsion demulsification flocculation field test. Including test device and process, the basic situation of the test site, High Efficient Demulsifier demulsification system, efficient flocculant - system field test and operation.

【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X741

【相似文献】