轻型纯电动汽车生产和运行能耗及温室气体排放研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 18:20

本文关键词： 生命周期评价电动汽车能耗温室气体(GHGs)　出处：《环境科学学报》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：基于中国本地化的环境负荷数据,建立了电动汽车全生命周期模型,深入分析和评估了电动汽车生产和运行两个阶段的能耗及温室气体排放(Greenhouse gases,GHGs).结果表明:电动汽车生产和运行过程的总能耗为474 GJ;GHGs为40500 kg(以CO2当量计),电动汽车生产和运行过程的GHGs分别占总排放量的23.5%和76.5%.对于电动汽车生产过程能耗和GHGs而言,原材料生产均为主要贡献者,GHGs占到车辆生产过程的74.6%,占生命周期的17.5%.另外,情景分析表明,再生材料应用、单位电力GHGs和百公里电耗能够在很大程度上影响电动汽车的碳排放.再生金属替代原生金属后,从情景1到情景5,车辆生产的GHGs下降了约22.2%,车辆生产和运行过程的总GHGs下降了约4.7%;单位电力GHGs每下降1%,电动汽车运行GHGs下降0.9%;电动汽车百公里电耗每下降1.0%,车辆生产和运行过程总GHGs下降约1.0%.因此,发展清洁能源、降低火力发电比例、优化原材料生产工艺、提高再生原材料用量等,是有效降低电动汽车全生命周期过程总能耗和GHGs的重要途径.
[Abstract]:Based on the environment load data of localization in China, the whole life cycle model of electric vehicle is established. The energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission (gases) of the two phases of electric vehicle production and operation are analyzed and evaluated in depth. The results show that the total energy consumption of electric vehicle during production and operation is 474 GJ; GHGs was 40500 kg (CO2 equivalent). GHGs of electric vehicle production and operation process accounted for 23.5% and 76. 5% of the total emissions respectively. Raw material production is the main contributor to energy consumption and GHGs of electric vehicle production process. GHGs accounted for 74.6% of the vehicle production process and 17.5% of the life cycle. In addition, scenario analysis showed that recycled materials were used. Unit power GHGs and 100km power consumption can largely affect carbon emissions from electric vehicles. Regenerated metals replace primary metals from scenarios 1 to 5. The GHGs of vehicle production decreased about 22. 2%, and the total GHGs of vehicle production and operation process decreased by 4. 7%; The unit electric power GHGs drops 1%, the electric vehicle runs GHGs drops 0.9%; The total GHGs of vehicle production and operation is decreased by about 1.0 for every 100 km power consumption of electric vehicle. Therefore, the development of clean energy, reducing the proportion of thermal power generation, optimizing raw material production technology. Increasing the amount of regenerated raw materials is an important way to reduce the total energy consumption and GHGs in the whole life cycle of electric vehicles.
【作者单位】：中国汽车技术研究中心北京工作部;中国科学院生态环境研究中心;
【基金】：国家国际科技合作专项项目(No.2015DFG82420) 国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2015BAG08B04)~~
【分类号】：U469.72;X76
【正文快照】： 1引言(Introduction)汽车产业是国民经济的重要支柱产业,在经济和社会发展中发挥着重要作用.随着我国经济持续快速发展和城镇化进程加速推进,今后较长一段时期汽车需求量仍将保持增长势头,由此带来的能源紧张和环境污染问题将更加突出.加快新能源汽车推广和使用是缓解能源和环

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