基于概率风险分析的填埋场安全防护距离研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 23:22

本文关键词： 概率风险安全防护距离渗滤液健康风险　出处：《中国环境科学》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：针对危险废物填埋场(HWL)的建设运行现状和环境事故发生特点,确定以防渗层事故性破损为最大可信事故,以破损后渗滤液渗漏导致的人体健康危害为目标,提出了基于概率风险的HWL安全防护距离(SPD)确定的基本原则、方法和流程.对中部地区某HWL的安全防护距离进行了计算和不确定性分析,结果表明:考虑不同防护对象(污染物)情形下,计算得到的SPD值有所差异:以Cr的致癌危害,Cr、无机氟化物和Zn的非致癌危害为防护对象时,SPD值分别等于620、448、355和0m;不确定性分析表明受降雨量、水文地质参数不确定性的影响,SPD值存在较大的不确定性,经过P95校正的SPD为990m,大于GB 18598-2001中规定的800m的防护距离;最后文章指出安全防护距离的确定受场区降雨和蒸发条件、水文地质条件、填埋场接纳和填埋废物类型及其防渗系统配置等诸多因素影响,因此应该针对不同填埋场及其特征划定其SPD值,不宜采用一刀切的方法,统一规定HWL的安全防护距离.
[Abstract]:According to the hazardous waste landfill (HWL) characteristic of the construction and operation of the status quo and the environment to determine the accident, accident damage to the impervious layer to the maximum credible accident, damage after the leakage of leachate caused harm to human health as the goal, proposed the HWL safety protection distance based on probabilistic risk (SPD) to determine the basic principles and methods. Process safety distance of HWL central region were analyzed, and calculation results show that considering the uncertainty of different protected objects (pollutants) case, the calculated SPD values vary with Cr carcinogenic hazards, Cr, non carcinogenic for protecting inorganic fluoride and Zn, SPD value are equal to 620448355 and 0m; uncertainty analysis shows that the influence of rainfall, uncertainty of hydrogeological parameters, the SPD value is greater uncertainty, adjusted by P95 SPD 990m, more than GB specified in the 18598-2001 The 800m distance protection; finally points out that the determination of the safety distance from area rainfall and evaporation condition, hydrogeological conditions, effects of the landfill acceptance and landfill waste types and anti-seepage system configuration and many other factors, so it should be according to the different characteristics of landfill and the delimitation of its SPD value, should not be used across the board, unified security the protective distance of HWL.

【作者单位】：中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室;中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所;北京师范大学地下水污染控制与修复教育部工程研究中心;北京师范大学水科学学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAL02B03) 国家自然科学基金项目(61503219) 中央级院所基本科研业务专项重点项目(2016YSKY14) 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2014DL008)
【分类号】：X327
【正文快照】： *责任作者,研究员,donglu@126.com近年来,我国固体废物填埋尤其是危险废物填埋产业迅速发展[1-2].基于收集和运输成本考虑,多数危险废物填埋场均建立在城市周边等人口密集区域[3],公众反对意见不绝,企业布局环境风险凸显[4].如2011年,已启动环境影响评价的北京阿苏卫垃圾填埋

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