面源污染下三峡库区农业生态环境效率及影子价格测算

发布时间：2018-01-30 23:37

本文关键词： 农业生态污染控制面源污染生态环境效率影子价格三峡库区　出处：《农业工程学报》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：农业的现代化进程产生了较为严重的农业面源污染,将农业的生态环境效应纳入农业生产效率评价框架是研究的新方向。采用非径向、非角度的SBM-DEA模型,结合方向性距离函数,考察了2003-2015年期间重庆三峡库区农业生态环境效率,引入影子价格测算了各区(县)农业面源污染的边际减排成本。研究结果表明:2003-2015年期间,重庆三峡库区农业生态环境效率趋于稳步提升态势,但整体水平较低,平均值仅为0.508,全样本期投入无效率和非期望产出无效率平均值分别为27.3%和24.7%。农业生态环境效率较高的地区集中在都市核心区和库尾都市外围区,江北和大渡口的农业生态环境效率值为0.7;而库尾低山丘陵区、库中平行岭谷区、腹地山地丘陵区和腹地外围山地区的农业生态环境效率相对较低,尤其是巫溪、万州与开县农业生态环境效率值仅为0.4左右。从效率损失的原因看,化肥、农药的过度投入及其相应的逆生态环境效应表现突出,在投入无效率的来源分解中贡献最大,达35.82%;大渡口、南岸、江北、北碚与渝北农业面源污染排放的影子价格居前,分别为3.503、3.478、3.370、3.317、3.302亿元/万t,污染减排空间较小;万州、丰都与开县农业面源污染排放影子价格较低,分别为2.167、2.321和2.492亿元/万t。在制定区域排放目标时,应考虑区域农业生态环境效率的空间异质性,针对不同区域的农业生态环境效率和影子价格制定具有针对性的减排策略,尤其应当把生态环境效率改进余地较大和边际减排成本相对较低的地区作为减排重点地区。
[Abstract]:The modernization process of agriculture has produced more serious agricultural non-point source pollution. It is a new research direction to incorporate the ecological environmental effect of agriculture into the evaluation framework of agricultural production efficiency. The non-angle SBM-DEA model combined with directional distance function was used to investigate the agricultural eco-environmental efficiency of the three Gorges Reservoir area in Chongqing from 2003 to 2015. The shadow price is introduced to calculate the marginal emission reduction cost of agricultural non-point source pollution in various districts (counties). The results show that the period 2003-2015 is between 2003 and 2015. The efficiency of agricultural ecological environment in the three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing tends to increase steadily, but the overall level is low, the average value is only 0.508. The mean values of input inefficiency and non-expected output inefficiency in the whole sample period were 27.3% and 24.7 respectively. The areas with higher agro ecological environmental efficiency were concentrated in the urban core area and the outer urban area of Kuwei city. The agro ecological environment efficiency of Jiangbei and Dadukou is 0.7; But the agricultural ecological environment efficiency is relatively low, especially in Wuxi, in the hinterland hilly area and the hinterland surrounding hinterland in the hilly area of Kuwei low mountain, in parallel with the valley in the middle of the reservoir. The efficiency of agricultural ecological environment in Wanzhou and Kaixian is only about 0.4. From the reason of efficiency loss, the excessive input of chemical fertilizer and pesticides and the corresponding adverse ecological environment effect are outstanding. The contribution of input inefficiency in the source decomposition is the highest (35.82%). The shadow price of agricultural non-point source pollution emissions in Dadukou, South Bank, Jiangbei, Beibei and Yubei is the highest, which is 3.503n 3.478N 3.3703.317,#number0# yuan / 10000 t respectively. The pollution reduction space is small; In Wanzhou, Fengdu and Kaixian, the shadow price of agricultural non-point source pollution emission was 2.167 and 249.2 million yuan / 10000 respectively. We should consider the spatial heterogeneity of the regional agricultural ecological environmental efficiency and formulate targeted emission reduction strategies for the different regions of the agricultural ecological environment efficiency and shadow price. In particular, the region where the ecological environment efficiency has more room for improvement and the marginal cost of emission reduction is relatively low should be regarded as the key area of emission reduction.
【作者单位】：西南大学资源环境学院;重庆工商大学重庆市发展信息管理工程技术研究中心;宜春学院经济管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71663054) 重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJ1706178) 重庆工商大学科研平台开放课题(1456042、gczxkf201704)
【分类号】：F323.22;X71
【正文快照】： 0引言重庆三峡库区是以传统农业为主的大农村、大山区,农业发展基础较差,人地矛盾关系突出,库区人均耕地仅为0.06 hm2,中低产田占耕地总面积的70%以上[1]。近10 a来,重庆三峡库区农业产出水平不断提高,粮食产量由2006年的420万t增加到2015年的580万t,这与大幅度使用农药、化肥

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