我国湿地立法的保护范围研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 02:34

本文关键词： 湿地保护范围立法　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湿地,作为“地球之肾”是大自然赋予人类的重要财富。长期以来,人们对湿地的认识较为浅显,随着湿地资源的开发利用,以及相关知识的普及,保护湿地已成为人类共识。我国地方湿地保护立法较为积极,然而自然湿地总面积削减之势却不能得到有效控制。湿地的保护范围作为立法的保护对象,处于基础性地位,研究意义重大。湿地的保护范围是本文的研究主体,从湿地概念出发,划分湿地保护类型进而明确哪些湿地需要纳入保护范围。明确的湿地保护范围使得湿地保护有目的性和针对性。文章包括四部分,湿地概述,我国立法中的湿地保护范围分析,国外湿地立法的保护范围分析,我国湿地的保护范围立法建议。其中,第一部分湿地概述,包括湿地的概念和价值,其中湿地概念包括国内外湿地的自然科学概念和湿地的法律概念,法律概念以科学概念为基础。湿地的价值分为经济价值和生态价值。由于本文研究的湿地的保护范围侧重湿地概念的外延,因此湿地的概念研究是本研究的理论基础;第二部分是我国立法中的湿地保护范围分析,对从地方层面到国家层面的湿地立法分别进行了分析,总结出国家层面湿地专门立法效力等级低,湿地的保护范围有待完善的不足,以及地方层面的立法中湿地保护范围狭窄,规定模糊,缺乏地方特色等问题。第三部分是国外湿地立法的保护范围分析,介绍了美国与澳大利亚的湿地立法体系和保护范围以及湿地监管,并以纽约州和新南威尔士州的湿地立法为例进行了湿地保护范围的梳理和总结。需要指出的是划定湿地保护范围的目的也是为了有力监管,因此该部分介绍了国外湿地监管情况。第四部分,根据以上论述,针对我国存在的问题提出湿地的保护范围立法建议,首先应加快湿地保护国家立法进程,出台国家湿地保护法律,解决部门规章效力低的问题,由该法统领地方,树立范围划分标准。其次,明确地方湿地的保护范围,并扩大保护范围,兼顾地方特色。再次,协调立法,加强湿地专门法与湿地要素资源法之间协调,强化国家湿地立法与地方立法的协调,完善湿地立法与《湿地公约》的协调。最后通过各个主体有序参与湿地保护的法律实施形成湿地保护共治局面等。
[Abstract]:Wetland, as the kidney of the earth, is an important wealth endowed by nature. For a long time, people have a relatively simple understanding of wetland. With the development and utilization of wetland resources and the popularization of related knowledge, Protection of wetland has become a common understanding of mankind. Local wetland protection legislation in China is more active, but the trend of reducing the total area of natural wetland can not be effectively controlled. As the object of legislation, the protection scope of wetland is in a basic position. The scope of wetland protection is the main body of this paper, starting from the concept of wetland, The paper includes four parts, the summary of wetland, the analysis of wetland protection scope in legislation of our country. Analysis of the protection scope of foreign wetland legislation, legislative suggestions on wetland protection scope in China. The first part is an overview of wetland, including the concept and value of wetland, The concept of wetland includes the natural science concept of wetland and the legal concept of wetland at home and abroad. The concept of law is based on the scientific concept. The value of wetland is divided into economic value and ecological value. Because the scope of wetland protection in this paper emphasizes on the extension of wetland concept, the research on wetland concept is the theoretical basis of this study. The second part is the analysis of the scope of wetland protection in the legislation of our country. It analyzes the wetland legislation from the local level to the national level, and concludes that the national level of wetland special legislation is low. The scope of wetland protection needs to be improved, and the protection scope of wetland in local legislation is narrow, vague, lack of local characteristics, etc. The third part is the analysis of the protection scope of foreign wetland legislation. This paper introduces the legislative system and protection scope of wetlands in the United States and Australia, as well as the regulation of wetlands. Taking the wetland legislation of New York State and New South Wales as an example, the paper summarizes the scope of wetland protection. It should be pointed out that the purpose of delineating wetland protection scope is also for the purpose of effective regulation. Therefore, this part introduces the situation of wetland supervision in foreign countries. Part 4th, according to the above discussion, to solve the problems existing in our country, put forward legislative suggestions on the scope of wetland protection, first of all, we should speed up the process of national legislation on wetland protection. To issue the national wetland protection law to solve the problem of low efficiency of departmental rules and regulations, to lead the local authorities and establish the standard of scope division. Secondly, to define the scope of protection of local wetlands, and to expand the scope of protection so as to take into account local characteristics. Again, To coordinate the legislation, strengthen the coordination between the special wetland law and the wetland factor resource law, and strengthen the coordination between the national wetland legislation and the local legislation, Finally, through the orderly participation of various subjects in the implementation of the law of wetland protection, the situation of co-management of wetland protection is formed.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

【相似文献】