北京市平原百万亩大造林工程降温效应及其价值的遥感分析

发布时间：2018-02-28 12:33

  本文关键词： 造林工程 降温效应 LANDSAT- 价值评估 平原区 北京市　出处：《生态学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快,城市热岛效应已经严重影响到了城市居民的生产与生活。大量的研究成果证明,以植被和水体为主导的冷岛效应是减弱城市热岛效应的最有效、最持久、最经济手段,但过往的研究成果主要以城市公园作为研究对象,样本数量少,研究结果的不确定性大,对于大范围人工林地的冷岛效应关注较少。北京市在2012—2014年间实施了"百万亩平原大造林"工程,累计形成10648个林地斑块,这为人工林地冷岛效应问题的进一步研究提供了绝好的研究样本。利用2014年9月4日的landsat-8卫星影像数据,通过定量遥感手段反演了北京市平原区的地表亮温,并以造林地斑块的GIS数据为基础,对造林工程的降温效应进行了分析。结果表明,虽然造林时间短,但由于采用了大苗造林措施、公司实施模式,这些造林地的平均降温幅度可达1.023℃,其冷岛效应的辐射范围可到达林地边缘外350m,其中0—100m距离范围内的降温效果最为显著,达到了0.392℃。从降温效应的区域差异来看,延庆盆地造林地块的降温效果最显著,达到了3.519℃,6环以内造林地块的降温效果最小,只有0.111℃。通过不同年份造林地块的降温效应分析发现,造林地块的景观格局和湿地保护与建设工程类型的规模对林地斑块的降温效果有显著影响。从全部林地斑块的大小看,其呈现了数量上以小斑块占优、面积上以中、小型斑块为主的数量特征,降温效果则呈现了斑块规模愈大降温效果愈显著的特点。初步的价值估算表明,平原区大造林工程的降温效益达到了4.8882×10~8元,其中林地本身的降温效应占到了53.73%,林地外围辐射降温的效益占到了46.38%。在今后的造林工程实践中,要注意造林地块大小的设计问题,应以超大斑块和巨斑块为主体,同时要注意将林地斑块的空间邻接距离保持在100—500m的范围内,以充分利用林地斑块冷岛效应空间上的辐射扩散特点。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, urban heat island effect has seriously affected the production and life of urban residents. A large number of research results have proved that the cold island effect, which is dominated by vegetation and water, is the most effective way to weaken the urban heat island effect. The most lasting and economic means, but the past research results mainly take the city park as the research object, the sample quantity is small, the research result is big uncertainty. Little attention has been paid to the cold island effect of large scale plantations. During the period of 2012-2014, the Beijing Municipality carried out a "million mu Plain Afforestation" project, which resulted in 10,648 forest patches. This provides an excellent sample for the further study of the cold island effect of artificial forests. Using the landsat-8 satellite image data of September 4th 2014, the surface brightness temperature in the plain area of Beijing was retrieved by quantitative remote sensing. Based on the GIS data of woodland patch, the cooling effect of afforestation project is analyzed. The results show that although the afforestation time is short, but because of the adoption of plantlet afforestation measures, the company implements the model. The average cooling range of these woodlands can reach 1.023 鈩，

本文编号：1547327