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江门市海洋环境与海洋经济发展现状研究

发布时间:2018-03-06 01:22

  本文选题:海洋环境 切入点:海洋经济 出处:《中山大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:作为国内海洋大市之一,江门有着得天独厚的海洋资源优势。然而,在经济蓬勃发展的同时,各种海洋环境问题不断出现。为了防止海洋生态环境继续恶化,以及合理、可持续地利用海洋资源,本文探究了该地区海洋环境与海洋经济发展的现状与相互关系,希望为江门和其它地区海洋环境与海洋经济的可持续发展提供科学依据与理论基础。本研究利用文献分析、实地调研、定点监测、座谈讨论和实验室分析等方法进行数据收集,运用Excel 2010、SPSS 20.0和R语言3.3.3软件处理分析数据,并用环境库兹涅茨(Environmental Kuznets Curve,EKC)模型对江门市海洋环境与海洋经济的关系做进一步的研究。主要结果如下:(1)江门市海洋经济现状海洋产业生产总值不断扩大,海洋产业结构不断转型升级。2015年江门市海洋生产总值达948.03亿元,占全市生产总值的42.32%。全市海洋生产总值占比最大的前三位海洋产业为滨海旅游业(35.82%)、海洋生物医药业(24.87%)和海水利用业(14.73%)。(2)江门市海洋环境现状2015年江门市近岸海域海水主要受无机氮和活性磷酸盐污染。黄茅海全年无机氮浓度和活性磷酸盐浓度几乎都处于或超过海水水质第四类标准。广海湾在春秋季主要污染物为无机氮,其浓度均为劣四类海水水质标准。镇海湾秋冬季受无机氮与活性磷酸盐污染严重,处于或劣于海水水质第四类标准。川岛海域秋季无机氮浓度为第四类海水水质标准。近岸海域沉积物质量良好。沉积物中的硫化物、锌、汞、铅、有机碳、石油类含量均满足海洋沉积物第一类标准;但沉积物中的砷含量为海洋沉积物第二类标准;有些海域沉积物中铬、铜、镉的含量也为海洋沉积物第二类标准。陆域污染源——潭江的COD、总氮、总磷排放总量在减少;对于海域污染源产生的氮磷污染,对虾养殖产生的污染负荷占比最大。(3)江门市近岸海域海洋环境容量江门市近岸海域COD的海洋环境容量较大。黄茅海崖门口区域石油类海洋环境容量也比较大,活性磷酸盐和无机氮的容量非常小;广海湾区域活性磷酸盐和石油类海洋环境容量几乎没有,无机氮没有环境容量;镇海湾活性磷酸盐和石油类海洋环境容量也几乎没有,无机氮完全没有环境容量;川岛区域,活性磷酸盐海洋环境容量较大,无机氮和石油类几乎没有环境容量。(4)江门市海洋环境与海洋经济的关系在江门EKC分析中,江门市环境库兹涅茨曲线并非为典型的“倒U”型,而是“倒N”型。工业废水年排放量与人均GDP的曲线已经确定越过拐点,目前处于工业废水年排放量随着人均GDP增加而减少的阶段。但生活污水年排放量与人均GDP的拟合曲线在2014~2015年刚刚越过拐点,此趋势尚需时间去检验。政府有关部门需要加大环境政策的调控作用,推进该曲线的下降趋势。
[Abstract]:As one of the largest marine cities in China, Jiangmen has unique advantages in marine resources. However, while the economy is booming, all kinds of marine environmental problems continue to appear. In order to prevent the marine ecological environment from deteriorating and reasonable, In this paper, the present situation and relationship between the marine environment and the development of marine economy in this area have been explored in the light of the sustainable use of marine resources. We hope to provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for the sustainable development of marine environment and marine economy in Jiangmen and other areas. Using Excel 2010 SPSS 20.0 and R language 3.3.3 software to process and analyze the data, The relationship between the marine environment and the marine economy in Jiangmen City is further studied with the Environmental Kuznets Kuznets EKC model. The main results are as follows: (1) the GDP of the marine economy in Jiangmen City is expanding. In 2015, Jiangmen City's marine product reached ninety-four billion eight hundred and three million yuan. The top three marine industries that account for the largest proportion of the city's marine output value are coastal tourism 35.82%, marine biology medicine and pharmaceutical industry 24.87) and sea water utilization industry 14.733. 2) the current situation of the marine environment in Jiangmen City, 2015, is the coastal sea area of Jiangmen City. The water was mainly polluted by inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the whole year of Huangmaohai were almost in or above the standard of 4th kinds of seawater water quality. The main pollutant in Guangwan Bay was inorganic nitrogen in spring and autumn. Its concentration is the standard of water quality of inferior four kinds of seawater. The autumn and winter of Zhenhai Bay are polluted seriously by inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate. In or below the standard of 4th class of seawater quality. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen in autumn in the sea area of Sichuan Island is 4th kinds of standards of seawater water quality. The quality of sediment in the coastal area is good. The sulphide, zinc, mercury, lead, organic carbon in the sediment, The petroleum content all met the first standard of marine sediment; however, the arsenic content in the sediment was the second standard of marine sediment, and the chromium and copper in some marine sediments, The content of cadmium is also the second standard of marine sediment. The total emission of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from Tanjiang River, a source of pollution in the land, is decreasing; for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution caused by pollution sources in the sea area, The marine environment capacity of Jiangmen coastal sea area COD of Jiangmen coastal sea area is large and the marine environmental capacity of petroleum type in Huangmao Haiyamen area is also large. The capacity of active phosphate and inorganic nitrogen is very small; the marine environmental capacity of active phosphate and petroleum is almost no, inorganic nitrogen has no environmental capacity, and the marine environmental capacity of active phosphate and petroleum is almost no. The relationship between marine environment and marine economy in Jiangmen City is studied by EKC analysis in Jiangmen City, where inorganic nitrogen and petroleum have no environmental capacity. The environmental Kuznets curve of Jiangmen City is not a typical "inverted U" type, but a "inverted N" type. The curve of annual discharge of industrial wastewater and per capita GDP has been determined to cross the inflection point. At present, the annual discharge of industrial wastewater decreases with the increase of per capita GDP. However, the fitting curve between the annual discharge of domestic sewage and the per capita GDP has just crossed the inflection point from 2014 to 2015. It will take time to test this trend. Government departments need to increase the regulatory role of environmental policies and push forward the downward trend of the curve.
【学位授予单位】:中山大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:P74;X55

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