论构建中国用能权交易体系的制度衔接之维

发布时间：2018-03-06 17:54

  本文选题：节能量交易　切入点：用能权交易　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：用能权是具有公私法双重属性的管制性财产权。用能权交易是我国推进绿色发展的一项制度创新,对实现能耗总量和强度"双控"目标具有重要意义。用能权交易制度旨在从供给侧实现节能降耗目标,与其并行的节能减排市场化机制还包括节能量交易和碳排放权交易。节能量交易与用能权交易的规制对象、规制手段、制度设计目的和约束功能相近,故两者存在制度重复建设问题。用能权交易和碳排放权交易的制度设计目的具有协同性、规制对象有交叉,但两者在用能权指标和碳排放配额初始分配、履约等方面存在制度衔接不畅问题。通过法学和制度经济学分析,对用能权交易、节能量交易和碳排放权交易的制度整合与重构提出了建议。中国应当取消目标节能量交易制度,并以核定用能权交易取代项目节能量交易。用能权交易和碳排放权交易的制度衔接层面,应当打通用能权交易体系和碳排放权交易体系,建立联合履约机制,即允许用能单位或排放单位在满足一定条件的情况下使用用能权指标、核定用能权、碳排放配额或核证减排量履约。用能权指标与碳排放配额在履约方面的衔接机制重点在于一级市场的对接。用能权的初始分配仅仅是为重点用能单位设定节能义务的过程,应当以公平为原则,并且采取免费分配的方式。相对于用能权交易制度,碳排放权交易制度则是为了控制排放单位对碳排放空间这一资源的过度利用。因此,在碳排放配额初始分配环节,政府应当通过有偿分配的方式以实现国家对碳排放空间这一稀缺资源的所有者权益。建立核定用能权和核证减排量的联合履约机制,既允许用能单位购买核证减排量抵消其超额耗能,也允许排放单位购买核定用能权以抵消其超额排放,并对抵消比例设定限制。
[Abstract]:Energy use right is a kind of regulatory property right with the dual attributes of public and private law. The transaction of energy use right is a system innovation to promote green development in China. It is of great significance to achieve the goal of "double control" of total energy consumption and intensity. The purpose of energy use right trading system is to achieve the goal of energy saving and consumption reduction from the supply side. The parallel market-oriented mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction also includes energy saving trading and carbon emission trading. The regulation object, regulation means, system design purpose and restriction function of energy saving trading and energy use right trading are similar. Therefore, there is the problem of system duplicate construction between the two systems. The purpose of system design of energy use right trading and carbon emission trading is synergistic, and the regulatory objects are intersected, but they are in the initial allocation of energy use right index and carbon emission quota. Through the analysis of law and institution economics, the transaction of energy use right, The integration and reconfiguration of energy saving trading and carbon emissions trading systems are proposed. China should abolish the target energy saving trading system. And replace the energy saving trading with the approved energy use right trading. The system convergence level of energy use right trading and carbon emission trading should be set up, and the joint implementation mechanism should be established, and the general energy rights trading system and the carbon emission rights trading system should be set up. That is to say, energy use units or emission units are allowed to use energy use rights indicators and approve energy use rights if certain conditions are met, Compliance with carbon emission quotas or certified emission reductions. The convergence mechanism between energy use rights and carbon emission quotas focuses on the interface of the primary market. The initial allocation of energy use rights is only a process of setting energy efficiency obligations for priority energy use units, It should be based on the principle of equity and be distributed free of charge. In contrast to the energy use trading system, the carbon emissions trading system is designed to control the excessive use of carbon space as a resource by emitters. In the initial allocation of carbon emission quotas, governments should achieve the ownership equity of carbon space, a scarce resource, by means of paid allocation, and establish joint implementation mechanisms for approved energy use rights and certified emission reductions, It allows energy use units to buy certified emission reductions to offset their excess energy consumption, and also allows emission units to purchase approved energy use rights to offset their excess emissions, and sets limits on the offsetting ratio.
【作者单位】： 中国农业大学人文与发展学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“碳金融市场的国家干预法律机制研究”(批准号:13CFX097)
【分类号】：F206;X196
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本文编号：1575872