宁夏回族自治区城市绿色出行策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 06:27

本文选题：绿色出行　切入点：机动车污染　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年,机动车污染物排放增加与大气环境质量下降之间的矛盾日渐突出。绿色出行提倡使用污染小、能耗低的交通工具,一定程度上能够缓解机动车与大气环境的矛盾。因此,发展绿色交通,鼓励绿色出行尤为重要。本文通过道路实际测试获取宁夏回族自治区典型城市道路车流量、车辆构成、车辆行驶特征等数据,采用IVE模型计算机动车污染物排放因子并对其进行修正,建立宁夏回族自治区各城市及整个区域的机动车污染排放清单;运用ArcGIS软件、Surfer软件进一步对银川市和吴忠市机动车污染空间分布特点进行分析;结合机动车污染现状特点,选取三种不同绿色出行措施,按基准和低碳两种发展情景预测2030年宁夏回族自治区城市内机动化出行污染排放量,分析绿色出行措施对机动车污染减排效果,进而提出该区域城市绿色出行策略建议。研究结果表明,2014年宁夏回族自治区城市机动车CO2、CO、NOx、HC、PM、N2O、CH4排放量分别为2352.62万吨、39.87万吨、26.30万吨、5.84万吨、1.20万吨、0.29万吨、0.15万吨,机动车污染主要来自重型货车和乘用车。银川市、吴忠市机动车污染空间分布显示,污染主要集中在城市中心、西北和东部区域。预测结果显示,基准情景下,2030年宁夏回族自治区城市机动车CO2、CO、NOx、HC、PM排放量分别为6572.91万吨、105.14万吨、60.79万吨、14.10万吨、2.75万吨。低碳情景下,采取结构调整措施,机动车各污染物排放量分别下降29.18%、26.55%、33.11%、31.06%和33.19%;在此基础上,采取能源替代措施,CO2、CO、NOx、HC和PM排放量进一步下降3.18%、3.39%、2.10%、2.56%、2.13%;采取机动车准入条件提高措施,各污染物排放量继续下降0.42%、0.60%、0.49%、0.54%和0.54%。三种绿色出行措施综合作用,2030年宁夏回族自治区城市机动车CO2、CO、NOx、HC、PM排放量分别下降32.78%、30.54%、35.70%、34.17%、35.86%。其中,结构调整措施对由车辆数增加产生的污染物量的削减力度最大,各污染物的削减量占结构调整措施总削减量的65%以上;且对货车污染削减效果最显著,各污染物的削减比例均在55%以上;其次是乘用车,削减比例最大达到40.38%。因此,可从结构调整、新能源替代、提高机动车准入条件三方面着手,削减宁夏回族自治区城市机动车污染排放,促进绿色出行发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the contradiction between the increase of vehicle pollutant emission and the decline of atmospheric environmental quality has become increasingly prominent. Green travel advocates the use of vehicles with low pollution and low energy consumption. To some extent, it can alleviate the contradiction between motor vehicle and atmosphere environment. Therefore, it is very important to develop green traffic and encourage green travel. Using IVE model to calculate vehicle pollutant emission factor and revise it to establish the vehicle emission inventory of the cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region and the whole region. The spatial distribution characteristics of motor vehicle pollution in Yinchuan and Wuzhong are further analyzed by using ArcGIS software, and three different green travel measures are selected according to the characteristics of motor vehicle pollution. In 2030, according to the two development scenarios of benchmark and low carbon, the emission of motorized travel in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region was predicted, and the effect of green travel measures on the emission reduction of motor vehicle pollution was analyzed. The research results show that in 2014, the emission of motor vehicle CO2CO2CO2COOXNOXHCON2ON2ON2O-CH4 was twenty-three million five hundred and twenty-six thousand and two hundred tons, 398,700 tons, 263,000 tons, 58,400 tons, 12,000 tons, 2,900 tons and 1,500 tons, respectively, in the cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, and the results showed that the emission of CH4 was twenty-three million five hundred and twenty-six thousand and two hundred tons, 398,700 tons, 263,000 tons, 58,400 tons, 12,000 tons, 2,900 tons and 1,500 tons, respectively. Motor vehicle pollution mainly comes from heavy trucks and passenger cars. The spatial distribution of motor vehicle pollution in Yinchuan and Wuzhong shows that the pollution is mainly concentrated in the urban center, northwest and eastern regions. Under the benchmark scenario, in 2030, the emission of HCPM from motor vehicle CO2CO2COONXN in the cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region was sixty-five million seven hundred and twenty-nine thousand and one hundred tons, one million fifty-one thousand and four hundred tons, 607,900 tons, 141,000 tons and 27,500 tons respectively. Under the low carbon scenario, structural adjustment measures were adopted. The emissions of various pollutants from motor vehicles decreased 29.18% and 26.55%, respectively, and 33.11% and 33.19%, respectively. On this basis, the amount of CO _ 2CO _ 2, CO _ 2, no _ x _ C _ HC and PM was further reduced by 3.18% and 3.39% ~ 2.10% ~ 2.56%; and measures were taken to improve the access conditions of motor vehicles, The discharge of each pollutant continues to decrease by 0.42% 0.60% and 0.54% and 0.54%, respectively. In 2030, the HCPM emissions of motor vehicles CO2CO2, CO2, CO2, CO2, NOxN, and HCPM of motor vehicles in the cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region decreased by 32.78, 30.54, and 34.17 to 35.86, respectively. Of these, Structural adjustment measures have the greatest effect on reducing the amount of pollutants produced by the increase in the number of vehicles, and the reduction of each pollutant amount accounts for more than 65% of the total reduction amount of the structural adjustment measures, and the effect on the reduction of freight car pollution is the most obvious. The reduction rates of each pollutant are above 55%, followed by passenger cars, with a maximum reduction ratio of 40.38.Therefore, we can start from three aspects: structural adjustment, new energy substitution, and improvement of access conditions for motor vehicles. Reduce urban motor vehicle pollution emissions in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, promote green travel development.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X734.2

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