论我国环境侵权救济的惩罚性赔偿机制

发布时间：2018-03-18 07:30

本文选题：环境侵权　切入点：惩罚性赔偿　出处：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境侵权具有不同于传统常规侵权形态的特点,包括侵权实施者与受害者之间通常存在实际上的不平等、侵权行为不仅具有私害性还有不可忽视的公害性以及危害后果常常格外严重且成因复杂等。这些特点决定了对环境侵权的救济应向保护受害者倾斜,注重事前的预防,做到维护个人和公共双重利益。而惩罚性赔偿与生俱来的注重保护受害者的特点、兼具公、私法责任属性的性质以及独特的预防功能,恰恰契合了环境侵权救济的特殊要求。这表明惩罚性赔偿机制和环境侵权救济具有天然的匹配性。就我国目前来说,单一补偿性赔偿民事责任不足以解决环境侵权问题,传统的其他民事责任形式在环境侵权救济中又难以全部实现,而若用行政、刑事手段解决环境侵权问题又存在诸多局限,因此想有效解决环境侵权问题,就应尝试创设新的制度机制,而惩罚性赔偿是可以考虑的对象。在环境侵权救济问题上,我国具备将惩罚性赔偿机制根植于该领域的社会土壤,并且它也已经在我国某些领域得到了适用,所以在环境侵权案件的处理中如若探索引进惩罚性赔偿机制其实是有章可循的。在此基础上本文还对我国在环境侵权救济中采取惩罚性赔偿手段应满足的条件、确定赔偿具体数额的方法以及资金怎样分配等问题进行了讨论。
[Abstract]:Environmental tort is characterized by a different form of traditional tort, including the fact that there are often actual inequalities between the perpetrator and the victim, The tort not only has the nature of private harm, but also the public harm which can not be ignored, and the harmful consequences are often serious and the causes are complicated. These characteristics decide that the relief of environmental tort should be inclined to the protection of the victims and pay attention to the prevention beforehand. To safeguard the dual interests of individuals and the public. The inherent emphasis on the protection of victims in punitive damages has the nature of public, private law liability and its unique preventive function. This shows that the punitive damages mechanism and the environmental tort relief have a natural match. As far as our country is concerned, the single compensatory civil liability is not enough to solve the environmental tort problem. The traditional other forms of civil liability are difficult to be fully realized in the relief of environmental tort. However, there are many limitations in solving the problem of environmental tort by administrative and criminal means, so we want to solve the problem of environmental tort effectively. We should try to create a new system mechanism, and punitive damages can be considered. On the issue of environmental tort relief, our country has the social soil to root the punitive damages mechanism in this field. And it has been applied in some areas of our country, Therefore, if we explore the introduction of punitive damages mechanism in environmental tort cases, there are rules to follow. On the basis of this, this paper also meets the conditions that our country should adopt punitive damages in environmental tort relief. The method of determining the specific amount of compensation and the allocation of funds are discussed.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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