Y县工矿废弃地重金属污染空间分布特征及生态风险评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 09:45

本文选题：工矿废弃地　切入点：土壤重金属污染　出处：《江西农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“万物土中生”。作为人类生产生活中重要的自然资源,土壤是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础。我国是一个正处于快速发展阶段的发展中国家,对自然资源的需求量巨大,尤其是对社会经济发展具有重要作用的矿产资源需求剧增,我国城镇工矿用地规模增长迅速。由于以前粗放式的生产,环保意识的缺乏以及管理不到位等问题,导致矿产资源在开采、冶炼、运输等过程中排放的“三废”严重污染周边的土壤,一些长期未经治理的金属矿山废弃地的土壤重金属污染严重,这将严重威胁周边区域农产品质量和人体健康。因此,建立工矿废弃地土壤环境质量动态监测体系,开展土壤重金属污染评价,对指导土壤重金属污染的恢复治理,改善并提升工矿废弃地土壤环境质量具有重要意义。基于此,本文选取西南地区Y县工矿废弃地作为研究区,对研究区土壤和农作物进行重金属采样和检测分析,以此为数据基础,结合土壤重金属污染评价和潜在生态风险评价两种评价方法,综合评价工矿废弃地复垦后土壤环境质量,并运用克里金插值法对评价结果进行可视化,据此提出研究区土壤环境恢复治理建议。研究结果表明:1)利用Arcgis中的克里金插值法确定重金属污染区域分布特征以及污染程度和范围,将土壤污染的信息进行空间可视化,进一步量化土壤污染的不确定性,有利于提升区域土壤重金属污染评价的准确性;2)由于受该地区历史土法炼磺的影响,研究区土壤酸化严重,存在一定程度的土壤重金属污染,但总体上污染程度不高,且污染区域主要集中在磺渣堆区和地势较低的炼磺区;3)研究区土壤污染主要为多种重金属复合污染,主要污染元素为Cd、Cr和Hg;4)研究区土壤重金属污染与土壤理化性质具有一定的相关性;5)研究区应积极采取相应的覆土、翻耕、钝化和生物技术等综合措施,根据不同污染程度开展土壤重金属污染恢复治理措施,控制潜在的重金属污染风险,保障区域范围内作物生长安全和人类身体健康。该研究可以为工矿废弃地区开展土壤重金属污染动态监测,客观评价土壤重金属污染程度和范围,以及有效防治土壤重金属污染提供一定参考。
[Abstract]:"All the soil". As an important production and life of human beings in natural resources, soil is the material basis for human survival and development. China is a developing country is in a stage of rapid development, demand for natural resources is huge, especially the demand for mineral resources plays an important role in the development of social economy growth. China's industrial and mining land use scale is growing rapidly. Due to extensive production, lack of awareness of environmental protection and management in place and other issues, leading to the mineral resources in mining, smelting, transportation and other emissions in the process of "three wastes" serious pollution of the surrounding soil, some soil heavy metal pollution has long been abandoned metal mine management seriously, this will be a serious threat to the surrounding area of agricultural product quality and human health. Therefore, the establishment of mining waste soil environmental quality monitoring system, to carry out soil heavy metals Pollution assessment, restoration of guidance of the heavy metals pollution, improve and enhance the mining waste soil environmental quality has important significance. Based on this, this paper selects Y County mining wasteland in southwest area as the study area, the study area of heavy metals in soil and crops sampled and analyzed, as the data base, combined with the evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soil and the potential ecological risk assessment of two kinds of evaluation methods, comprehensive evaluation of mining wasteland reclamation soil environmental quality, and using the Kriging interpolation method to visualize the evaluation results, put forward the research of soil environmental restoration suggestions. The research results show that: 1) to determine the regional distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollution and pollution degree and range of using Kriging interpolation method in Arcgis, the spatial visualization of soil pollution information, uncertainty further quantify the soil pollution, favorable To enhance the accuracy of assessment of soil heavy metals pollution in the region; 2) influenced by the region history of indigenous smelting sulfur, soil acidification, soil heavy metal pollution to a certain extent, but the overall pollution level is not high, and the pollution areas are mainly concentrated in the sulfur slag heap area and the low smelting sulfur area; 3) the study area of soil pollution is mainly a variety of heavy metal pollution, the main pollution elements of Cd, Cr and Hg; 4) to study the physicochemical properties of soil heavy metal pollution and soil has certain correlation; 5) the study area should take corresponding soil, tillage, comprehensive measures of passivation and bio technology, according to the to carry out the different pollution degree of soil heavy metal pollution remediation measures, control the potential risk of heavy metal pollution, to protect the area within the scope of crop safety and human health. The study area can be carried out for industrial and mining waste soil The dynamic monitoring of heavy metal pollution, the objective evaluation of the degree and scope of soil heavy metal pollution, and the effective prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution provide a certain reference.

【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X53;X826

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