安徽某铁矿酸水库微生物群落变化与宏基因组学研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 19:21

  本文选题：酸性矿山废水　切入点：嗜酸菌　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是由金属硫化矿物氧化形成的,酸性强,重金属元素含量高,对环境污染大。在AMD的形成过程中,Fe3+是主要的氧化剂。嗜酸微生物可以将Fe2+氧化为Fe3+来获取能量,从而极大提高了黄铁矿的溶解和氧化速率。为了理解酸性矿山废水中嗜酸微生物的群落结构功能及其与环境参数之间的关系,本论文以安徽某铁矿排土场酸水库为研究对象,利用克隆文库和高通量测序研究了秋冬季节嗜酸微生物群落的演变过程,探讨了物理化学因子对嗜酸群落组成的影响,进而利用宏基因组学方法解析了嗜酸菌群落功能的季节变化规律。研究获得以下几点成果:(1)该酸水库酸性强,秋冬季节pH分别为2.94±0.03和3.15±0.01。金属元素Mg、Al和阴离子SO42-等含量高,秋季浓度分别为1103.70±108.50mg/L、600.60±42.91mg/L、10398.98±767.55mg/L,冬季分别为1232.70±11.40mg/L、673.40±6.71mg/L、13015.91±1962.68mg/L,冬季相比于秋季浓度有所上升。(2)秋季微生物多样性高于冬季。门组成变化明显,从秋季到冬季α-变形菌与放线菌门丰度显著升高,β-变形菌比例出现明显下降。(3)秋季群落中主要的属有Ferrovum(35.28%±16.88%)、Acidobacterium(16.03%±4.99%)、Acidiphilium(10.74%±2.64%),冬季则是Acidiphilium(33.74%±1.87%)、Acidisphaera(10.34%±1.86%)、Granulicella(6.52%±1.85%)。(4)相关性分析表明,pH、温度和Al对微生物群落的变化有很大影响。(5)酸水库中的真核生物主要是胶球藻属(Coccomyxa)与棕鞭藻属(Ochromonas)。胶球藻属在两个季节均处于优势地位,棕鞭藻属的丰度次之。(6)KEGG注释结果显示光合固碳基因丰度在冬春夏季丰度分别为1.63‰、2.06‰、2.50‰,随季节变化明显上升。光系统I和光系统II丰度以及催化NADP+还原的光合固碳的关键酶铁氧还蛋白-NADP+-还原酶也有相同的变化趋势。(7)固氮基因,硫氧化基因,铁氧化基因丰度在3个季节基本保持一致。
[Abstract]:Acid mine drainageAMDA was formed by oxidation of metal sulphide minerals, which was characterized by strong acidity and high content of heavy metal elements. In the formation of AMD, Fe3 is the main oxidant. Acidophilic microbes can oxidize Fe2 to Fe3 to obtain energy. In order to understand the community structure and function of acidophilic microorganisms in acid mine wastewater and its relationship with environmental parameters, this paper takes the acid reservoir of an iron ore dump in Anhui province as the research object. The evolution process of acidophilic microbial community in autumn and winter was studied by clone library and high throughput sequencing. The effects of physical and chemical factors on the composition of acidophilic community were discussed. Furthermore, the seasonal variation of acidophilic bacteria community function was analyzed by macrogenomics method. The following results were obtained: 1) the acid reservoir was acidic, the pH of the reservoir in autumn and winter was 2.94 卤0.03 and 3.15 卤0.01, respectively. The contents of metal elements MgOAl and anion so _ 42- were high, and the results were as follows: (1) the pH value of the reservoir was 2.94 卤0.03 and 3.15 卤0.01, respectively. In autumn, the concentrations were 1103.70 卤108.50 mg / L, 600.60 卤42.91 mg / L, 10398.98 卤767.55 mg / L, 1232.70 卤11.40 mg / L, 673.40 卤6.71 mg / L, respectively. The microbial diversity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter. From autumn to winter, the abundance of 伪 -Proteus and Actinomycetes increased significantly, and the proportion of 尾 -Proteus decreased significantly.) the main genera in the autumn community were Ferrovumium 35.28% 卤16.888.88% 卤16.03% 卤4.99diphilium 10.74% 卤2.64%, and in winter it was Acidiphilium 7.43% 卤1.87Acidisphaeraer 10.34% 卤1.86kella6.52% 卤1.85.1%. The correlation analysis showed that pH, temperature and Al changed the microbial community. The major eukaryotes in the acid reservoir are Coccomyxa) and Ochromonasus, which are dominant in both seasons. The results of KEGG annotation showed that the abundance of photosynthetic carbon sequestration gene in winter, spring and summer was 1.63 鈥，

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