基于空间替代的环境规制产业结构效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 00:24

本文选题：环境规制　切入点：产业结构变迁　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年10期

【摘要】：由于具有很强的外部效应,区域性是环境问题的主要特征之一。一个大的经济体内部差别化的环境保护政策容易导致环境敏感型产业在地区间的迁移,这一过程将引致地区之间产业结构的变迁。相对发达地区实行更加积极的环境保护措施,在产业的选择上限制污染型产业的发展,这势必将对原有污染型产业产生影响,加大环境保护投资、转行或者外迁是该区域内企业可能的选择。在环境政策不够严厉,产业的选择更为多样的地区,宽松的环境政策甚至是地方政府招商引资的一个优惠条件,则污染型产业是其发展的可能选择。本文通过对2003—2012年中西部19个省份11个污染型制造业工业总产值占全国比例结构的变迁进行实证检验,结果显示环境规制有非常明显的产业结构空间效应,存在对污染型制造业西迁的促进作用。区域差别性的环境政策确实突出了中西部地区的比较优势,使得环境污染密集型产业向西迁徙,实现了污染产业从中国东部向西部的空间替代。从空间的整体上看,也更有助于全面认识中国的产业升级现象。如果为了缩小地区发展差距,通过环保规制差异促进中西部地区的发展,而不是严格按照功能区进行分类环境保护和要素的自由流动,在这一过程中反映出来的产业结构变迁也是不健康的,东部地区的产业升级中的要素替代作用,尤其是技术进步的作用,无疑就会被夸大。看似中西部地区可能重新步入先发展后治理的老路,受到污染损害的仅是国家的另一片地区,但是由于中西部地区属于环境脆弱区和重要的水源上游,最终受伤害的将会是我们整个国家。
[Abstract]:Because of its strong externalities, regionalism is one of the main features of environmental problems. Differential environmental protection policies within a large economy can easily lead to the migration of environmentally sensitive industries between regions. This process will lead to the change of industrial structure between regions. Compared with the developed regions, more active environmental protection measures will be carried out, and the development of pollution-type industries will be restricted in the selection of industries, which will inevitably have an impact on the original pollution-type industries. Increasing investment in environmental protection, changing jobs or moving out of the country is a possible choice for enterprises in the region. In areas where environmental policies are not strict enough and where the choice of industries is more diverse, a relaxed environmental policy is even a preferential condition for local governments to attract investment. Then the pollution-type industry is the possible choice for its development. This paper makes an empirical test on the change of the gross industrial output value of 11 pollution-type manufacturing industries in 19 central and western provinces in 2003-2012 in terms of the proportion of the total industrial output value to the whole country. The results show that environmental regulation has a very obvious spatial effect of industrial structure, and has a promoting effect on the westward migration of pollution-type manufacturing industry. The regional differential environmental policy really highlights the comparative advantages of the central and western regions. It makes environmental pollution-intensive industries migrate westward, and realizes the spatial substitution of pollution industries from eastern China to western China. From the perspective of space as a whole, It is also helpful to fully understand the phenomenon of industrial upgrading in China. If in order to narrow the regional development gap, promote the development of the central and western regions through the differences of environmental protection regulations, Instead of classifying environmental protection and the free flow of elements according to the functional areas strictly, the changes in industrial structure reflected in this process are also unhealthy. In particular, the role of technological progress will undoubtedly be exaggerated. It seems that the central and western regions may return to the old road of development before governance, and only another part of the country will be damaged by pollution. But because the Midwest is an environmentally vulnerable region and an important upstream water source, it will ultimately hurt our entire country.
【作者单位】：山东社会科学院政策研究室;北京大学国家发展研究院;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助(批准号:2017M610667)
【分类号】：F424;X22

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