秸秆直燃发电供应链气体及颗粒污染物排放的生命周期评价

发布时间：2018-03-26 21:13

本文选题：秸秆　切入点：发电厂　出处：《农业工程学报》2017年14期

【摘要】：秸秆发电以其极好的环保效用和可再生能源利用引起各界关注,但是由于秸秆轻、薄、散的特性,导致在秸秆收集和运输的效率十分低下,从而会消耗大量石化燃料,排放出大量的气体及颗粒污染物,加之秸秆发电供应链的终端直燃发电也会排放一定污染物,必然会对其环保效用带来影响。该文依据生命周期评价方法,通过建立4个秸秆发电供应链场景,包含秸秆收集、打捆、运输存储、解包破碎以及最终发电等阶段,对其中机械及车辆石化燃料的消耗以及污染物的排放进行定量计算,发现4个秸秆发电供应链的污染物排放有较大差距,其中CO2相差1.2~2倍,CO相差1.4~5.4倍,NOX相差1.5~4.2倍,PM相差1.4~6.5倍。秸秆发电供应链环保效果与秸秆发电供应链中收集、预处理及运输存储模式有较大关系,预处理压缩环节、短距离农用车运输及压缩后道路运输距离是关键,这些因素的合理配置直接关系到秸秆发电供应链环保效用的高低。对秸秆发电供应链的整体排放以处理单位质量秸秆排放的污染气体和可吸入颗粒排放指数为标准,通过与秸秆露天燃烧和燃煤发电供应链对比分析,发现相对秸秆露天燃烧PM排放指数12.95 g/kg,秸秆发电供应链的PM排放指数为0.12 g/kg;相对燃煤发电供应链CO2排放指数1 010.1 g/kg,秸秆发电供应链的CO2排放指数为43.44 g/kg,在减少由露天焚烧秸秆造成的应急性雾霾天气和减少碳排放方面有积极作用。
[Abstract]:Straw power generation has attracted attention from all walks of life because of its excellent environmental protection and renewable energy utilization. However, because of its light, thin and scattered characteristics, straw collection and transportation efficiency is very low, which will consume a large number of fossil fuels. A large amount of gas and particulate pollutants are emitted, and the terminal direct-fired power generation in the supply chain of straw power generation will also emit certain pollutants, which will inevitably have an impact on its environmental effectiveness. Through the establishment of four straw power supply chain scenarios, including straw collection, bundling, transportation and storage, package breaking and final generation, the consumption of mechanical and vehicle fossil fuels and emissions of pollutants are calculated quantitatively. It was found that there was a significant difference in pollutant emission in the four supply chains of straw power generation, and the difference of CO2 and CO was 1.4% and 5.4 times respectively, and the difference of no X and PM was 1.5% and 4.2 times respectively, and the environmental protection effect of the supply chain of straw power generation and the collection of straw power supply chain were different. Preprocessing and transportation storage mode have a great relationship, preprocessing compression link, short distance agricultural vehicle transportation and compressed road transport distance is the key. The reasonable allocation of these factors is directly related to the environmental protection utility of straw power supply chain. The overall emission of straw power supply chain is based on the treatment of pollutant gas and respirable particulate emission index per unit mass of straw. By comparing with straw open burning and coal-fired power supply chain, It was found that the PM emission index of the straw supply chain was 0.12 g / kg, the CO2 emission index of the supply chain of coal fired power was 1 010.1 g / kg, the CO2 emission index of the straw power supply chain was 43.44 g / kg, and the PM emission index of the straw power supply chain was 43.44 g / kg. Open-air burning of straw caused by acute haze weather and reduce carbon emissions have a positive role.
【作者单位】：武汉工程大学管理学院;湖北交通职业技术学院交通信息学院;
【基金】：湖北省高等学校人文与社会科学重点研究基地企业与环境协调发展研究中心研究项目(2015QY1505)
【分类号】：X823

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