辽河口芦苇湿地生态环境修复遥感监测研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 15:15

  本文选题：辽河口芦苇湿地　切入点：遥感　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：辽河口芦苇湿地是亚洲第一大河口芦苇湿地,2012年开始进行湿地生态环境修复工程后,湿地地物类型空间变化明显。本文基于无人机影像数据和不同时相的资源三号、高分一号卫星影像,结合野外实地调查资料,采用面向对象分类法和目视解译相结合,充分利用地物特征提取典型湿地治理区的地物信息。以2012年为治理前的本底值,结合GIS空间分析,对比2014年、2015年和2016年湿地地物类型分布情况,得出研究区每一阶段的湿地地物时空变化,定量评价辽河口芦苇湿地生态环境修复的效果。结果表明:(1)根据湿地主要植被芦苇的物候性,通过植被季相特征的野外观测、不同季相的无人机影像数据目视解译提取的难易程度,以及卫星影像光谱信息和分类精度验证等几方面证明,得出秋季是芦苇湿地修复监测的最佳季相。(2)研究区总体修复结果显示,2012-2016年期间,辽河口芦苇湿地生态环境修复效果显著,主要体现在以下几个方面:湿地最重要的建群物种芦苇的自稳定性始终在85%以上,较2012年本底值总体面积增加了281.01hm2;湿地主要杂草蒲草生长范围不断缩小,总体面积减少了1108.01hm2;两者共生区域的面积先增加后减少,总体面积减少150.43hm2;由于引灌海水治理杂草,水体及水体中生长稀疏植被不易区分的部分逐年增加,总体分别增长了265.25 hm2、388.31hm2。(3)研究区动态变化转移结果显示:2012-2014年期间是治理初期,芦苇面积略有增加,蒲草主要转化为芦蒲共生和芦苇生长区,面积减少了384.76 hm2;2014-2015年,芦苇面积大幅度增长,其中蒲草和芦蒲共生转化为芦苇的面积有324.44hm2,且蒲草长势逐渐变差,枯死蒲草面积已达175.72 hm2;2015-2016年,湿地斑块化情况明显得到改善,蒲草面积仅剩2015年的11.1%,芦蒲共生也大面积转化为芦苇,是治理后期典型效果的体现。
[Abstract]:Liaohe estuary Reed wetland is the largest estuarine Reed wetland in Asia. After the wetland ecological environment restoration project began in 2012, the spatial change of wetland landscape type is obvious.Based on the UAV image data and the resources 3 and Gaofen 1 satellite images, combined with field survey data, this paper combines object oriented classification with visual interpretation.Take full advantage of the features of the features to extract the information of the typical wetland management area.Taking 2012 as the background value before governance, combined with GIS spatial analysis, the distribution of wetland features in 2014, 2015 and 2016 were compared, and the temporal and spatial changes of wetland features in each stage of the study area were obtained.The effect of ecological environment restoration of Reed wetland in Liaohe estuary was evaluated quantitatively.The results show that according to the phenology of the main vegetation Reed in the wetland and the field observation of the seasonal characteristics of vegetation, the difficulty of visual interpretation and extraction of UAV image data of different seasons can be obtained.The spectral information of satellite image and the accuracy verification of classification prove that autumn is the best seasonal phase for Reed wetland restoration and monitoring. The overall restoration results show that the ecological environment restoration effect of Reed wetland in Liaohe estuary during 2012-2016 is remarkable.The main results are as follows: the self-stability of Reed, the most important species in wetland, is always more than 85%, which is 281.01hm2higher than the total area of background value in 2012.The total area decreased by 1108.01hm2.The area of the two symbiotic areas increased first and then decreased, and the total area decreased by 150.43hm2.The results of dynamic change transfer in the study area showed that the area of Reed increased slightly during the period of 2012-2014, and the area of bulrush was mainly transformed into the symbiosis and growth area of Reed, and the area decreased by 384.76 hm ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (-1) in 2014-2015.The area of Reed increased by a large margin, in which the area of bulgage and Reed transformed into Reed was 324.44hm2, and the growth of Puccinia davidifolia became worse, and the area of dead cattle-grass reached 175.72 hm2hm2015-2016. The situation of wetland patch was obviously improved.The grass area was only 11.1 in 2015, and the symbiosis of Rhizoma Reed was transformed into Reed in a large area, which was the embodiment of the typical effect in the later stage of governance.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X87;X171.4
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本文编号：1705746