天目湖沙河水库浮游植物群落结构的时空异质性

发布时间：2018-04-03 19:55

本文选题：水库　切入点：浮游植物　出处：《环境科学》2017年10期

【摘要】：为揭示水库浮游植物群落结构的时空异质性,以江苏省溧阳市天目湖沙河水库为例,基于8年逐月浮游植物群落结构及相关环境因子的连续监测结果,分析了水库河流区、过渡区及湖泊区浮游植物群落结构的季节差异及影响因素.结果表明,空间上营养盐、浊度和悬浮颗粒物等关键水质指标及浮游植物叶绿素a含量均呈现河流区过渡区湖泊区的现象,透明度呈现河流区过渡区湖泊区的现象,其中河流区的各环境因子与过渡区和湖泊区的空间差异显著(ANOVA,P0.05),而过渡区与湖泊区之间仅在透明度、浊度、悬浮颗粒物等物理参数方面差异显著;同样,浮游植物生物量上也呈现河流区过渡区湖泊区的现象,其中河流区与过渡区、湖泊区之间差异显著(ANOVA,P0.05),而过渡区与湖泊区之间则无显著性差异;但在浮游植物的优势属方面,河流区、过渡区、湖泊区基本一致,仅隐藻门生物量在河流区、过渡区、湖泊区具有显著性差异(ANOVA,P0.05),呈现河流区过渡区湖泊区的特征.不同季节之间浮游植物群落结构差异较大:生物量在夏季最高,冬季最低;优势属在春季以针杆藻(Synedra)、小环藻(Cyclotella)、隐藻(Cryptomonas)和曲壳藻(Achnanthes)为主,夏季以针杆藻、隐藻、尖头藻(Raphidiopsis)、席藻(Phormidium)为主,秋季以隐藻、针杆藻、尖头藻、束丝藻(Aphanizomenon)为主,冬季以隐藻、针杆藻、曲壳藻和小环藻为主;其中针杆藻、隐藻为全年优势属.统计分析表明,水温、总磷、透明度是浮游植物时空差异的主要影响因子.研究表明,对于沙河水库这种换水周期为4个月的大(Ⅱ)型水库,虽然浮游植物总生物量在空间上有显著性差异,但群落组成上仅隐藻属的空间差异显著,多数浮游植物群落结构在空间分布差异较小,当浮游植物群落结构调查时可以适当减少观测点位,提高采样频次,以提高水库环境监测的样品代表性.
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of phytoplankton community structure in reservoirs, taking Shahe Reservoir in Tianmu Lake, Liyang City, Jiangsu Province as an example, based on the results of 8 years' continuous monitoring of phytoplankton community structure and related environmental factors, the reservoir river area was analyzed.Seasonal differences and influencing factors of phytoplankton community structure in transitional and lake areas.The results showed that the key water quality indexes, such as nutrients, turbidity, suspended particulate matter and chlorophyll a content of phytoplankton, all showed the phenomenon of lake area in the transition zone of the river region, and the phenomenon of the lake area in the transition area of the river region.Among them, there are significant differences between the environmental factors of the river region and the transition area and the lake area, while the physical parameters such as transparency, turbidity, suspended particulate matter and so on are significantly different between the transition area and the lake area; similarly, there is a significant difference in the physical parameters such as transparency, turbidity and suspended particulate matter between the transition area and the lake area.The biomass of phytoplankton also showed the phenomenon of lacustrine region in the transitional area of river area, in which there was significant difference between the river area and the transitional area, but there was no significant difference between the transition area and the lake area, but the dominant genus of phytoplankton was found.The biomass of Cryptophyta in fluvial, transitional and lacustrine regions was similar to that in fluvial, transitional and lacustrine regions, showing the characteristics of lacustrine regions.Raphidiopsis cuspidatum, Phormidium), Cryptophthora, Aphanizomenon, Aphanizomenon in autumn, Cryptophyton, Cycloderma, Chitophyta and Microcystis in winter, among them, Phormidium is the dominant genus in the whole year.Statistical analysis showed that water temperature, total phosphorus and transparency were the main influencing factors of phytoplankton temporal and spatial differences.The results showed that the total biomass of phytoplankton in Shahe reservoir with a water exchange period of 4 months was significantly different in space, but the community composition was only significantly different from that of Cryptophaga.The spatial distribution of most phytoplankton communities is relatively small. When the phytoplankton community structure is investigated, the observation points can be reduced and the sampling frequency can be increased, so as to improve the representativeness of the samples in reservoir environmental monitoring.
【作者单位】：安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院;中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室;南京师范大学附属中学;
【基金】：国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFG91980) 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405201) 国家自然科学基金项目(41671494) 中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC008)
【分类号】：Q948.8;X524

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