黑木耳产业发展对延边地区生态环境破坏的研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 18:41

本文选题：延边地区　切入点：黑木耳产业　出处：《延边大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济增长,人类饮食有了较大改善,对食用菌类产品需求也出现了急剧上升。同时代料栽培食用菌类技术成功研发和普及,使得食用菌类产业出现快速发展,黑木耳产业得到了进一步发展。延边地区地理环境适合黑木耳生长,其种植历史悠久,当地群众通过数十年的扩大再生产,已经形成的黑木耳产业链,成为延边地区重要的特色产业和经济支柱之一。同时,给当地的经济持续增长、就业人数增长、新农村建设资金补给、东北边疆少数民族地区稳定等起到了一定的作用。但是,随着代料栽培黑木耳技术的普及,产生了几百亿个废弃菌袋。在市场条件、人为污染因素及菌袋材质的相互作用下,导致大量的塑料垃圾、菌糠残留、药物渗透以及山体农田破坏,对水土保护、植被生长、家禽饲养、药材种植、人类居住等产生严重危害。同时以木腐菌为主的生产品种结构,造成对林业资源的大量消耗。①废弃菌袋造成环境破坏又反作用于当地经济增长,随着当地生态环境的持续恶化,目前出现了大量原种植户选择其他农业类经营。这一现象导致农村黑木耳产业度急剧下降,部分农村经济发展呈现初步停滞现象。本文以"公地悲剧"理论,探索废弃菌袋造成环境破坏的原因,并提出采取加强法律监管,建立废弃菌袋回收利用处理体系,生态补偿机制,提高种植人员整体素质等对策,促进黑木耳产业的持续发展和延边地区生态环境保护。
[Abstract]:With the economic growth, the human diet has been greatly improved, and the demand for edible fungus products has increased sharply.The successful research and development and popularization of edible fungus technology in the same age materials have led to the rapid development of edible fungus industry and the further development of Auricularia auricula industry.The geographical environment of Yanbian area is suitable for the growth of Auricularia auricularia. The local people have formed an industrial chain of Auricularia auricula through decades of expanded reproduction, which has become one of the important characteristic industries and economic pillars in Yanbian area.At the same time, the sustained growth of local economy, the growth of employment, the supply of new rural construction funds, and the stability of the ethnic minority areas in the northeast frontier have played a certain role.However, with the popularization of substitute cultivation of Auricularia auricula, tens of billions of waste fungus bags were produced.Under market conditions, the interaction of artificial pollution factors and bacterial bag materials leads to a large amount of plastic waste, residue of bacteria chaff, drug penetration and destruction of mountain farmland, soil and water conservation, vegetation growth, poultry breeding, herbal medicine cultivation,Human habitation, etc., causes serious harm.At the same time, the production variety structure, which is dominated by wood rot fungi, caused a great deal of consumption of forestry resources. 1 waste fungus bag caused environmental damage and counterproductive to the local economic growth. With the continuous deterioration of local ecological environment,At present, a large number of original farmers choose other types of agricultural management.This phenomenon led to a sharp decline in the industrial degree of Auricularia auricula in rural areas, and a preliminary stagnation in the development of some rural economies.Based on the theory of "tragedy of Commons", this paper explores the causes of environmental damage caused by waste bacterial bags, and puts forward some countermeasures, such as strengthening legal supervision, establishing recycling and treatment system of waste bacterial bags, ecological compensation mechanism, and improving the overall quality of growers.To promote the sustainable development of Auricularia auricula industry and the protection of ecological environment in Yanbian area.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X712;F326.13

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