环境权的规范效力:可诉性和具体化

发布时间：2018-04-04 22:16

本文选题：环境权　切入点：规范效力　出处：《中国法学》2017年05期

【摘要】：环境权的规范效力包括可诉性效力和具体化效力。可诉性效力指环境权直接作为审判依据,具体化效力指借由立法间接影响审判。国外环境权诉讼中,结合宪法环境权规范和立法的具体条款作出裁判的案例同时体现可诉性效力和具体化效力;仅以宪法环境权规范为依据的案例,只运用可诉性效力,是为环境权的自我执行。环境权的自我执行违背了形式理性优先于实质理性的原则和权力分立原则,仅在宪法司法化的国家处于环境立法体系尚未建立的阶段有必要性。宪法环境权规范没有规定法定效果,属于原则范畴,其适用方式是和其他原则进行衡量,经由具体化为立法中的规则发挥作用。审理案件时,法院应优先适用立法(具体化效力),在立法存在歧义或者冲突时,法院可以借助对宪法环境权的解释厘清立法的模糊之处(可诉性效力)。我国目前环境立法比较系统,很大程度上消解了环境权诉讼的必要性;宪法尚未司法化更是彻底否定了环境权诉讼的可行性。不过,环境权入宪仍具有积极意义。
[Abstract]:The normative effect of environmental right includes actionable effect and concrete effect.The actionable effect refers to the environmental right as the direct basis of trial, and the concrete effect to indirectly influence the trial by legislation.In the foreign environmental right litigation, the cases that judge the constitution environmental right norms and the specific provisions of the legislation simultaneously reflect the actionable effect and the concrete effect; only the cases based on the constitutional environmental right norms only use the actionable effect.It is the self-enforcement of environmental rights.The self-enforcement of environmental rights violates the principle that formal rationality takes precedence over substantive rationality and the principle of separation of powers. It is necessary only in countries where the constitution is judicialized that the environmental legislation system has not yet been established.The norms of constitutional environmental rights do not stipulate the legal effect, they belong to the category of principles, their application is measured with other principles, and they play a role by concretely translating them into the rules in the legislation.When hearing a case, the court should give priority to the application of the legislation. When there is ambiguity or conflict in the legislation, the court can clarify the ambiguity of the legislation with the help of the interpretation of the constitutional environmental right.At present, the system of environmental legislation in our country has largely eliminated the necessity of environmental right litigation, and the fact that the constitution has not yet been judicialized completely negates the feasibility of environmental right litigation.However, environmental rights into the Constitution still have a positive significance.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学民商经济法学院;
【基金】：国家“2011计划”司法文明协同创新中心研究项目成果
【分类号】：D922.68

【相似文献】