玉门油田污染荒漠土壤石油降解菌多样性

发布时间：2018-04-05 02:38

本文选题：荒漠土壤　切入点：石油降解菌　出处：《环境科学研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：为探索石油污染荒漠土壤石油降解微生物多样性、筛选高效石油降解菌,采用涂布平板法从石油污染荒漠土壤分离具有石油降解能力细菌,采用细菌形态观察和16S rRNA基因序列分析其多样性,并设计特异性引物,对分离细菌降解相关基因进行检测.结果表明,分离的37株细菌分别属于放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、γ变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、β变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)、芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)和α变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria),分别占35.14%、32.43%、13.51%、13.51%、5.41%,归属于21个属的34个种类.优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),占总数的51.35%,其中有36株细菌能以石油为唯一碳源稳定生长,对原油有明显的降解能力.在石油质量浓度为1 500 mg/L的基础培养基中,菌株YM43在培养7d后对石油的降解率达55.47%,另有8株细菌的降解率不低于30.55%,11株细菌的降解率介于10.05%~28.37%,18株细菌的降解率不高于8.05%.PCR检测表明,有25株细菌含有烷烃单加氧酶基因,6株含芳烃双加氧酶基因,6株含联苯双加氧酶基因,4株含萘双加氧酶基因,3株含甲苯双加氧酶基因,2株含邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因.研究显示,石油污染荒漠土壤中可培养细菌具有高度多样性,分离的菌株有较强的石油降解能力,其降解功能与所存在的降解基因有关.
[Abstract]:In order to explore the oil pollution of desert oil degradation in soil microbial diversity, screening highly efficient petroleum degrading bacteria, separation ability of oil degradation bacteria from oil contaminated desert soil with coated plate method, using the bacterial morphological observation and 16S sequence analysis of rRNA gene diversity, specific primers were designed and the bacteria degradation related genes were detected. Show that the 37 strains of bacteria were actinomycetes (Actinobacteria), gamma Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria), beta Proteobacteria (Betaproteobacteria), bacilli (Bacilli) and alpha Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria), respectively 35.14%, 32.43%, 13.51%, 13.51%, 5.41%, belonging to 21 the genus 34 species. Dominant genus Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus sp. (Pseudomonas) (Rhodococcus), Micrococcus (Micrococcus), Stenotrophomonas sp. (Stenotrophomonas), Ach (Achromobacter sp. Romobacter) and Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus), accounting for 51.35% of the total, there are 36 strains of bacteria with oil as the sole carbon source of stable growth, has obvious degradation capacity of crude oil. In the oil concentration of 1500 mg/L based medium strain YM43 after incubation for 7d on oil degradation rate of 55.47% another 8 strains of bacteria, the degradation rate of not less than 30.55%, 11 strains of bacteria in the degradation rate between 10.05%~28.37%, 18 strains of bacteria degradation rate is not higher than 8.05%.PCR assay showed that 25 strains of bacteria containing alkane monooxygenase gene, 6 strains containing aromatic dioxygenase gene, 6 strains containing biphenyl dioxygenase gene, 4 strains containing naphthalene dioxygenase gene, 3 strains containing toluene dioxygenase gene, 2 strains containing catechol dioxygenase gene. Research shows that oil pollution of desert soil bacteria with high diversity, strains have strong ability to degrade oil and its reduction The function of solution is related to the existing degradation genes.

【作者单位】：兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院;兰州理工大学石油化工学院;中石油北京天然气管道有限公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31272694) 中国石油天然气股份有限公司天然气与管道分公司科研项目(2014D-4610-0501)
【分类号】：X172;X53

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