低碳背景下环境、能源与经济增长研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 11:38

本文选题：环境质量　切入点：能源　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境、能源、经济增长是21世纪中国发展面临的三个重大问题,也是全人类发展面临的共同问题。上世纪90年代以来,国民经济发展迅速,人民的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化,但是随着国内生产总值不断增加与重工业迅速发展,导致生态环境遭受严重污染,不可再生能源存量也日益剧减,环境、能源与经济可持续健康增长问题亟待解决。在中国经济发展的大环境下,保护环境的同时维持我国经济健康可持续发展,科学有效的协调环境、能源与经济增长的政策尤为重要。本文首先将环境质量、污染强度、能源三种因素引入经济增长模型,通过分析经济增长模型的最优增长路径,探讨环境质量、污染强度、能源对经济长期均衡增长的影响作用。然后建立基于常数替代弹性生产函数(CES)的能源—环境—经济(简称3E)经济增长模型,首先讨论经济效益最大化时化石能源与可再生能源的关系,并给出具体分析步骤,然后讨论在社会福利最大化时影响经济增长的因素,探索实现经济持续增长的有效措施。得到如下结论:一、现实社会环境中,经济增长率受多种因素的制约,其中环境自身净化能力越高,经济增长越快,能源生产量越多;资源再生率与经济增长率同方向变化,经济增长率随着资源再生率的增加而增加;污染强度除了与污染程度指数有关,还与贴现率和环境自身净化能力的差值有关,当贴现率与环境自身净化能力差值不同时,污染强度也有所不同。二、在经济效益最大时,化石能源投入量与可再生能源投入量的比率由分配系数、化石能源-可再生能源的替代弹性系数决定;在社会福利最大化时,环境质量和经济持续增长同方向变化,也就是说如果环境质量提高,经济增长率有可能随之增加,即理论上经济增长和环境质量是可以兼顾的。本文的创新之处在于将能源环境质量以及污染强度纳入经济增长模型,进行推理分析,讨论环境自身的净化能力、资源再生率、技术取代水平等参数对经济增长率的影响作用。以及建立基于常数替代弹性生产函数的能源-环境-经济(3E)经济增长模型,分别讨论了实现经济效益最大化时化石能源投入量与可再生能源投入量的比例,以及社会福利最大化时环境质量与经济增长能否同方向增长。最后结合相关的结论,给出一系列的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Environment, energy and economic growth are three major problems facing China's development in the 21st century, and they are also common problems facing the development of all mankind.Since the 1990s, the national economy has developed rapidly and the people's lives have undergone earth-shaking changes. However, with the constant increase of GDP and the rapid development of heavy industry, the ecological environment has suffered serious pollution.The stock of non-renewable energy is also decreasing rapidly. The sustainable and healthy growth of environment, energy and economy needs to be solved urgently.Under the environment of China's economic development, it is particularly important to protect the environment while maintaining the healthy and sustainable development of our economy, to coordinate the environment scientifically and effectively, and the policy of energy and economic growth.In this paper, three factors, environmental quality, pollution intensity and energy, are introduced into the economic growth model. By analyzing the optimal growth path of the economic growth model, the effects of environmental quality, pollution intensity and energy on the long-term balanced economic growth are discussed.Then a model of energy-environment-economy (3E-) economic growth based on constant substitution elastic production function (CES) is established. Firstly, the relationship between fossil energy and renewable energy when economic benefits are maximized is discussed, and the concrete analysis steps are given.Then it discusses the factors that influence the economic growth when the social welfare is maximized, and explores the effective measures to realize the sustained economic growth.The conclusions are as follows: first, in the real social environment, the economic growth rate is restricted by many factors, in which the higher the purification capacity of the environment itself, the faster the economic growth, the more energy production, the more the resource regeneration rate changes in the same direction as the economic growth rate.The economic growth rate increases with the increase of resource regeneration rate, and the pollution intensity is related to not only the pollution degree index, but also the difference between the discount rate and the environmental self-purification ability, when the difference between the discount rate and the environmental self-purification ability is not the same.Pollution intensity is also different.Second, the ratio of fossil energy input to renewable energy input is determined by the distribution coefficient, the substitution elasticity coefficient of fossil energy and renewable energy when the economic benefits are maximum, and when the social welfare is maximized, the ratio of fossil energy input to renewable energy input is determined by the distribution coefficient.Environmental quality and economic growth change in the same direction, that is, if the environmental quality is improved, the economic growth rate is likely to increase, that is, in theory, economic growth and environmental quality can be taken into account.The innovation of this paper lies in bringing the quality of energy and environment and pollution intensity into the economic growth model, carrying on the reasoning analysis, discussing the influence of the environment's own purification ability, resource regeneration rate and technological substitution level on the economic growth rate.Based on the constant substitution elastic production function, the economic growth model of energy, environment and economy is established, and the ratio of fossil energy input to renewable energy input in maximizing economic benefits is discussed respectively.And social welfare maximization of environmental quality and economic growth in the same direction growth.Finally, a series of policy recommendations are given in combination with the relevant conclusions.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X22

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