添加过磷酸钙的猪粪堆肥污染气体减排工艺优化

发布时间：2018-04-10 08:56

本文选题：过磷酸钙　切入点：堆肥　出处：《农业机械学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：过磷酸钙作为农业生产中常用肥料添加到堆肥中一方面能够显著降低堆肥过程中氨挥发,减少甲烷、氧化亚氮等温室气体的排放,另一方面可以提高磷的生物有效性,对于降低堆肥环境污染风险提高堆肥品质具有重要意义。为研究不同工艺参数对堆肥污染气体排放的影响,研究了添加过磷酸钙条件下不同通风率(0.12、0.24、0.36 L/(kg·min))、含水率(55%、60%、65%)和碳氮比(15、18、21)对堆肥典型污染气体CO_2、CH_4、NH_3和N_2O排放的影响。结果表明:含水率65%和通风率0.36 L/(kg·min)条件下会显著降低过磷酸钙的固氮效果,低通风率更有利于减少NH_3挥发控制氮素损失。过磷酸钙能够有效控制猪粪堆肥N_2O的排放,低通风率有利于堆肥高温期N_2O减排。过磷酸钙对CH_4的减排效果显著,受工艺参数影响较小。不同工艺参数均不会影响添加过磷酸钙堆肥达到稳定和腐熟,从CO_2、CH_4、NH_3和N_2O总温室效应减排效果来看,含水率60%、通风率0.12 L/(kg·min)、碳氮比18是最优堆肥工艺参数方案。
[Abstract]:Adding calcium superphosphate to compost as a common fertilizer in agricultural production can, on the one hand, significantly reduce ammonia volatilization and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, etc.; on the other hand, it can improve the biological efficiency of phosphorus.It is of great significance to reduce the risk of composting environmental pollution and improve composting quality.The results showed that the nitrogen fixation effect of calcium superphosphate was significantly reduced under the condition of moisture content of 65% and ventilation rate of 0.36 L/(kg. Low ventilation rate was more favorable to reduce nitrogen loss of NH_3 volatilization and control.Calcium superphosphate can effectively control N2O emission from pig manure compost, and low ventilation rate is beneficial to N2O emission reduction in compost at high temperature.The effect of calcium superphosphate on CH_4 emission reduction is significant, and is less affected by process parameters.According to the effect of CO2CH4NH3 and NSP total Greenhouse Effect emission reduction, moisture content is 60%, ventilation rate is 0.12 L/(kg / min, C / N ratio 18 is the best composting process parameter scheme.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学资源与环境学院;包头市环境监测站;农田环境污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800600-01) 农业部绒毛用羊产业体系生产与环境控制研究室粪污处理与利用项目
【分类号】：S141.4;X713

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