基于多源遥感数据的青海湖流域生态环境变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 21:17

本文选题：青海湖流域 + 多源遥感数据　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪50年代以来,青海湖流域草地退化、青海湖面积减小、土地沙漠化面积增加以及生物丰度减少等生态环境问题引起了国家、当地政府和相关学者的广泛关注。对生态环境变化趋势的研究以及变化原因分析有助于提高人们的环保意识,同时为政府和国家制定相关的法律法规提供部分参考,最终可以促进区域经济的可持续发展。本文在GIS技术的支持下,基于多源遥感数据,对青海湖流域2000年、2004年、2006年、2009年和2013年五年的生态环境状态进行了评价,分析了该流域近十几年来生态环境变化趋势,最后从自然因素和人为因素两方面进行了归因分析。论文的主要工作和成果如下:(1)结合青海湖流域自然环境和社会经济的特点,基于Landsat、MODIS、TRMM、ASTER GDEM和ECMWF ERA-Interim等多源遥感数据,提取了青海湖流域五年的植被覆盖度、温度植被干旱指数、净初级生产力、土地类型、地表温度、年降雨量、DEM、坡度和风速等九种指标。利用MODIS土地覆盖产品,计算了青海湖流域多年的土地利用转移矩阵和生态承载力,对青海湖流域土地利用/覆盖变化情况进行了分析,同时改进了极差标准化的方法,完成九种指标数据的标准化。(2)分别利用主成分分析法和层次分析法计算了九种青海湖流域生态环境综合评价指标的权重,虽然两种方法确定的九种指标权重不同,但是最后得到的青海湖流域多年生态环境变化趋势是一致的。评价结果表明:2000年-2013年,青海湖流域生态环境整体上有变好的趋势,但是在2009年-2013年,生态环境略微变差;从该流域空间分布上来说,东南部环青海湖区域的生态环境明显要好于西北部。(3)从气候变化和人为因素两方面分析青海湖流域生态环境变化潜在的原因。其中,国家的关注和当地政府的重视对青海湖流域生态环境的改善起到了积极的作用。
[Abstract]:Since the 1950s, grassland degradation in Qinghai Lake basin, the decrease of Qinghai Lake area, the increase of land desertification area and the decrease of biological abundance have attracted the attention of the country, the local government and the related scholars.The study on the trend of ecological environment change and the analysis of the causes of the change can help to improve people's awareness of environmental protection, and provide some references for the government and the country to formulate relevant laws and regulations, which can eventually promote the sustainable development of regional economy.Based on multi-source remote sensing data and supported by GIS technology, this paper evaluates the ecological environment status of Qinghai Lake basin in 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2013, and analyzes the trend of ecological environment change in the last ten years.Finally, the attribution analysis is carried out from two aspects: natural factors and human factors.The main work and results of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the characteristics of natural environment and social economy in Qinghai Lake Basin, and based on the multi-source remote sensing data, such as Landsat-Modesman GDEM and ECMWF ERA-Interim, the vegetation coverage and temperature vegetation drought index of Qinghai Lake basin for five years have been extracted.Net primary productivity, land type, surface temperature, annual rainfall, slope and wind speed.The land use transfer matrix and ecological carrying capacity of Qinghai Lake basin for many years are calculated by using MODIS land cover products. The change of land use / cover in Qinghai Lake basin is analyzed, and the method of range standardization is improved.The weight of nine comprehensive evaluation indexes of ecological environment in Qinghai Lake basin is calculated by principal component analysis and analytic hierarchy process respectively, although the weights of nine indexes determined by the two methods are different.But the trend of ecological environment change in Qinghai Lake basin is consistent.The evaluation results show that the ecological environment of Qinghai Lake basin has a trend of improvement from 2000 to 2013, but in 2009-2013, the ecological environment is slightly worse.The ecological environment around Qinghai Lake in the southeast is obviously better than that in the northwest.) the potential causes of ecological environment change in Qinghai Lake basin are analyzed from the aspects of climate change and human factors.Among them, the attention of the state and the local government has played a positive role in improving the ecological environment of Qinghai Lake basin.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X87;X171.1

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