高分辨率遥感数据在南极企鹅与温室气体研究中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-11 13:19

本文选题：南极 + 企鹅　；参考：《科学通报》2017年31期

【摘要】：南极企鹅是南大洋环境变化的"生物指示剂",其排泄物中丰富的碳(C)、氮(N)等营养物质为温室气体产生排放提供可能,使企鹅聚居区成为大气二氧化碳(CO_2)、甲烷(CH_4)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放的重要来源.中国第15次南极科学考察以来,陆续开展了南极典型企鹅聚居区土壤养分分析、聚居区土壤温室气体野外观测和室内培养的研究工作,指出企鹅活动显著促进温室气体的排放,但受企鹅数量与分布资料的限制,区域乃至环南极企鹅源温室气体排放量估算尚未开展.随着卫星遥感技术发展,20世纪80年代开始企鹅聚居区的遥感识别.近年来,特别是高精度卫星遥感资料和航拍照片的应用,区域范围内企鹅数量遥感识别体系逐渐建立起来.在综述以往研究工作的基础上,综合分析了南极典型区域温室气体野外观测研究及企鹅源温室气体排放量估算方法,系统比较了环南极分布的5种企鹅类型,如阿德利企鹅(Pygoscelis adéliae)、帽带企鹅(Pygoscelis antarctica)、巴布亚企鹅(Pygoscelis papua)、帝企鹅(Aptenodytes forsteri)和马可罗尼企鹅(Eudyptes chrysolophus)的遥感识别方法,并从气候变化(海表温度、海冰面积等)和人类活动(旅游、船舶等工业活动)以及其他因素(食物来源)等方面探讨影响企鹅数量变化的可能因素.
[Abstract]:Antarctic penguins are "biological indicators" of environmental change in the Southern Ocean, where nutrients such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen nitride provide the potential for greenhouse gas emissions.The penguin settlement is an important source of atmospheric carbon dioxide CO2C _ 2, CHS _ 4) and nitrous oxide N _ 2O _ 2) emissions.Since the 15th Antarctic Scientific Survey in China, soil nutrient analysis, field observation of greenhouse gases and indoor culture in typical penguin areas in Antarctica have been carried out. It is pointed out that penguin activities significantly promote greenhouse gas emissions.However, limited by the data of penguin population and distribution, the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from regional and even Antarctic Penguin sources has not been carried out.With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, remote sensing identification of penguin settlement began in 1980's.In recent years, especially with the application of high-precision satellite remote sensing data and aerial photographs, the remote sensing recognition system of penguin numbers in the region has been gradually established.Based on the review of previous research work, the field observation of greenhouse gases in typical Antarctic regions and the estimation methods of greenhouse gas emissions from penguins are comprehensively analyzed, and five types of penguins distributed around the Antarctic are compared systematically.Industrial activities such as ships) and other factors (food sources) to explore the possible factors affecting penguin population changes.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院;北京师范大学全球变化与中国绿色发展协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家海洋局南北极环境综合考察与评估专项(CHINARE2014-02-04);国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205007-03)资助中央高校基本科研业务费专项(312231103) 国家自然科学基金(41106157,41176163)
【分类号】：Q958;X87

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