家用净水设备细菌污染及与水接触材料对微生物生长影响的研究
发布时间:2018-04-13 20:29
本文选题:净水设备 + 细菌污染 ; 参考:《中国疾病预防控制中心》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:随着城乡人民生活水平的不断提高和科技水平的进步,饮用水设施也在逐步更新换代,卫生状况较之前有较大的改善,但饮用水污染事故仍有频繁报道。调查显示2013年净水器销量增速达20%,净水器的卫生学安全性逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。据文献报道,某地净水器的调查中只有28.6%经净水器净化后出水中菌落总数低于同一住处自来水中的菌落水平,有53.6%经净水器净化后出水中菌落总数超过我国饮用水标准(100CFU/mL)。同时家用净水设备原材料的质量对净水设备出水质量也会产生很大影响。国内饮用水处理装置检测根据标准《卫生部涉及饮用水卫生安全产品检验》。该标准中的内容包括安全性实验和功能性实验两个过程。微生物学评价指标有菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群三个指标。早在20世纪90年代,国外就有文献对净水设备二次污染进行报道,发现只有36%的净水设备出水微生物浓度低于同一住处自来水的微生物浓度。根据原理,我国家用净水设备应能有效去除自来水中的细菌,但是对家庭安装和使用一段时间后,净水设备出水微生物污染及变化规律尚不清楚,因此有必要进行深入步研究。研究目的:了解家用净水设备的微生物污染状况,确定经净水设备处理后的出水中细菌的种属,为了解细菌污染的来源对部分净水材料进行微生物生长实验以判断净水材料对微生物生长的影响。为有效控制污染及合理制定标准,保障人民群众健康提供依据。研究内容与方法:1.净水设备微生物污染调查及菌种分析:依据标准对送检的305台净水设备样本进行微生物学检测,了解产品的合格率,并对菌落总数超标样品中的菌种进鉴定分析。2.家用净水设备细菌污染状况调查研究:深入天津地区52户家用净水设备使用用户,了解每台净水设备的使用情况,分析可能造成出水菌落总数超标的原因。采集未经净水设备过滤的自来水及净水设备过滤后水样104份,进行菌落总数、总大肠菌群及大肠埃希氏菌检测实验,并鉴定细菌菌种。3.与水接触非金属材料对微生物生长作用的研究:采集净水设备常用材料包括与水接触活性炭材料15份、储水材料10份、输水材料10份、滤水材料5份。参照英国标准《与水接触的非金属材料对水质的影响》BS 6920:2.4-2000进行非金属材料微生物生长试验。研究结果:1.对送检的家用净水设备305台检测结果表明:总体性能试验不合格率为8.9%,浸泡实验不合格率为2.3%。净水设备出水共鉴定出细菌20种,出水中鉴定出致病菌如铜绿假单胞菌及人苍白杆菌、克氏库克菌、溶血性葡萄球菌等条件致病菌。2.通过现场调查天津市家用净水设备使用用户52户。结果发现自来水中均未检出菌落总数、总大肠菌群及大肠埃希氏菌。而32(61.5%)台净水设备出水中检测出菌落总数,有15(28.8%)台净水设备出水中菌落总数超过GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》规定的限值100CFU/mL;其中1台净水设备出水检出总大肠菌群,占全部用户的1.9%;净水设备出水中大肠埃希氏菌均未检出。其中活性炭净水设备出水的超标率为21.7%,超滤结构净水设备出水的超标率为50%,反渗透净水设备出水的超标率为18.8%。设备出水中检测出蜡样芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌两种致病菌。同时过滤水中也检测出玫瑰色库克菌、产酸克雷伯菌、产吲哚金黄杆菌等条件致病菌。对用户净水设备使用调查,结果表明:活性炭滤芯使用时间过长可能与家用净水设备出水菌落总数超标有关。3.通过收集净水设备材料根据英国标准《与水接触的非金属材料对水质的影响》BS 6920-2.4:2000进行试验研究,结果表明:10份颗粒活性炭材料对细菌生长有促进作用,其他材料对细菌生长没有促进作用。研究结论:家用净水设备污染情况严重且细菌污染种类繁多,其中检测出铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌三种致病菌及多种条件致病菌。家用净水设备细菌污染存在着引发疾病的潜在危险因素,应加强检测。与水接触的非金属材料中颗粒活性炭材料对细菌生长有促进作用,使用颗粒活性炭时应加强对饮水的消毒,控制微生物污染。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of living standards of urban and rural people and the level of science and technology progress, drinking water facilities are gradually upgrading, health status has been greatly improved than before, but the drinking water pollution accidents are still frequent reports. Survey shows that in 2013 the water purifier sales growth of 20%, hygiene and safety of water purifier has gradually become the focus of people concern. It is reported that a survey of the water purifier in only 28.6% after the treatment by water purifier in the total number of colonies is lower than the level in the same place a colony in tap water, 53.6% of the purifier in the total number of colonies exceeded the national standard of drinking water (100CFU/mL). At the same time, the quality of household water purification equipment the raw materials of water purification equipment, water quality will have a great impact. The domestic drinking water treatment device testing according to the standard of Ministry of health "health and safety of drinking water. The product inspection standard content package The two processes including safety tests and functional experiments. Microbiology evaluation index is the total number of colonies, total coliform, thermotolerant coliform bacteria three indicators. In early 1990s, there were foreign literature reports on two pollution of water purification equipment, water purification equipment, found that only 36% of the effluent concentration was lower than the concentration of microorganisms with microorganisms a residence tap water. According to the principle of China's household water purification equipment should be able to effectively remove bacteria in tap water, but for the family to install and use after a period of time, water purification equipment, water pollution and microbial variation is not clear, so it is necessary to further step research. Objective: to understand the status of microbial contamination of household net water equipment, water purification equipment to determine the bacterial treated effluent in genera, for understanding the sources of bacterial contamination on the part of the microbial water purifying material to judge water net growth experiment Influence of materials on the growth of microorganisms. In order to effectively control pollution and reasonable standards, provide the basis for the protection of people's health. The research contents and methods: 1. water purification equipment, microbial investigation and spawn contamination analysis: microbiology testing according to the standard for the submission of 305 samples of water purification equipment, understand the product qualified rate, and the the total number of colonies of bacteria in samples exceed the standard survey and analysis of household water purification equipment in the identification of bacterial contamination in.2.: deep Tianjin area 52 households household water purification equipment users, to understand the use of each water purification equipment, analysis of possible causes of the bacteria. The total number of exceed the standard collection without filtered tap water and water purification equipment water purification equipment, 104 water samples were filtered, the total number of colonies, test total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and identification of bacterial strain.3. on non metallic materials in contact with water. Study on the growth effect of the acquisition: water purification equipment commonly used materials including contact with water activated carbon material 15, water storage material 10, water material 10, filter material 5. Non metallic materials in contact with reference to the British standard "the influence of water on water quality >BS 6920:2.4-2000 non metallic materials for microbial growth test. Results: 1. specimens of household water purification equipment 305 sets of test results show that: the overall performance test pass rate is 8.9%, the immersion test failure rate of 2.3%. water purification equipment water were identified 20 species of bacteria in the identification of pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ochrobactrumanthropi, Klebsiella bacteria Cook hemolytic Staphylococcus, opportunistic pathogens such as.2. through the field survey of Tianjin city household water purification equipment using 52 users. The tap water were not detected in the total number of colonies, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. And 32 (61.5%) net station Water equipment water to detect the total number of colonies, 15 (28.8%) Taiwan water purification equipment in the total number of colonies exceeded the prescribed GB5749-2006< sanitary standard for drinking water in accordance with the limit value of 100CFU/mL; of which 1 units of water purification equipment, water detection of total coliforms, accounting for 1.9% of all users; water purification equipment in Escherichia coli were not detected. Which exceed the standard rate of activated carbon water purification equipment, water is 21.7%, exceed the standard rate structure of ultrafiltration water purification equipment effluent was 50%, exceed the standard rate of reverse osmosis water purification equipment water for 18.8%. equipment in the detection of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus two kinds of pathogenic bacteria. At the same time filtering water detect the rosy Cook bacterium, Klebsiella oxytoca, Chryseobacterium indologenes and other opportunistic pathogens. The users of water purification equipment using the survey results show that the activated carbon filter may be used for a long time and the total number of colonies of household water purification equipment water Exceed the standard about.3. through the collection of water purification equipment materials based on non metallic materials in contact with the water, the British Standard < effect on water quality of >BS 6920-2.4:2000 were studied. The results showed that: 10 granular activated carbon material has a promoting effect on the growth of bacteria and other materials on the growth of bacteria did not promote. Conclusions: household water purification equipment pollution serious cases of bacterial contamination and variety, the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus three kinds of pathogenic bacteria and pathogens. Various conditions of household water purification equipment there is a potential risk factor for bacterial contamination caused by disease, should strengthen the detection. The granular activated carbon material non metallic materials in contact with water in promoting effect on the growth of bacteria, using granular activated carbon should strengthen the disinfection of drinking water, control of microbial contamination.
【学位授予单位】:中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:R123
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